Question 1

How is doing mathematics in the U.S. and Japan viewed from the perspective of CHAT?

Accepted Answer

A)   it focuses on parents' beliefs about ability and effort
B)   it focuses on language differences related to naming and counting
C)   it focuses on instructional practices
D)   all of the above D

Question 2

Kris is trying to put some blocks together to make a tall tower. As he works he says, "Be careful, go slow." This is an example of the use of speech for __________?

Accepted Answer

A)   self-recognition
B)   self-comforting
C)   self-regulation
D)   self-esteem C

Question 3

According to cognitive social historical theory, which of the following statements is true?

Accepted Answer

A)   similarities across individuals and cultural groups permit findings from research to be readily generalized from one study to the next
B)   learning that takes place cannot be generalized across individuals within a community or across activities
C)   learning that takes place depends on ego strength and mathematical skills
D)   basic cognitive capacities like attention and memory are universal and are not altered by cultural contexts B

Question 4

One new direction of cognitive social historical theory has the acronym of CHAT. What does the A stand for?

Accepted Answer

A)   amorous
B)   ardent
C)   activity
D)   alienation

Question 5

Explain the idea of cultural tools. What role do cultural tools play in cognitive social historical theory? Give three examples of contemporary cultural tools that have emerged since your own childhood that have implications for the development of higher order mental processes.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Explain the idea of cultural tools. What...

Question 6

Vygotsky put particular emphasis on the role of __________ as a cultural tool that links thought and societ?

Accepted Answer

A)   art
B)   language
C)   map making
D)   reinforcement

Question 7

Explain the similarities and differences between Piaget's cognitive developmental theory and Vygotsky's cognitive theory.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Explain the similarities and differences between Piaget's...

Question 8

What are the central concepts of Vygotsky's theory of cognitive development?

Accepted Answer

A)   id, ego, superego
B)   assimilation, accommodation, schemes
C)   culture, zone of proximal development, movement from intermental to the intramental
D)   microsystem, exosystem, and mesosystem

Question 9

Vygotsky argued that speech begins in the context of social interactions and is gradually internalized. He refers to this private talk as ________________?

Accepted Answer

A)   neurotic speech
B)   inner speech
C)   narcissistic speech
D)   closed-caption speech

Question 10

Research on the development of attention demonstrates which of the following concepts of cognitive social historical theory?

Accepted Answer

A)   attention is managed at the social level and then internalized
B)   cultures all value dyadic intimacy
C)   history has shown that multitasking is maladaptive
D)   mothers who discourage observation and imitation have more autonomous children

Question 11

In fantasy play, children perform above their level of daily functioning. In this respect, play can be viewed as _________________________?

Accepted Answer

A)   a zone of proximal development
B)   a radius of significant relationships
C)   a moratorium
D)   a fast-forward of the social clock

Question 12

Vygotsky's interest in the role of tools in cognitive development was influenced by whom?

Accepted Answer

A)   Freud and Jung
B)   his father, who was a carpenter
C)   Marx and Engles
D)   Black and Decker

Question 13

In Vygotsky's view, the single unit of analysis that links speech and thought is __________?

Accepted Answer

A)   word meaning
B)   hope
C)   sensorimotor intelligence
D)   psychosocial crisis

Question 14

In theoretical learning, __________ is used to help the student master complex skills by taking advantage of strategies and guides that allow the learner to complete complex tasks with support, and then ultimately to internalize these supports and apply them to other task?

Accepted Answer

A)   mediated learning
B)   introspection
C)   ingenuity
D)   scaffolding

Question 15

The child uses the tool of language, which is normally thought of as functioning in the social system, to help focus and structure their intramental functioning. In this sense, language is viewed as a _____________?

Accepted Answer

A)   radius of significant relationships
B)   zone of proximal development
C)   cultural tool
D)   sign of learned helplessness

Question 16

Consider the role of social/interpersonal relationships in cognitive social historical theory. How does Vygotsky position the child vis a vis the social environment? What are some similarities and differences between psychosocial theory and cognitive social historical theory in this regard?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Consider the role of social/interpersonal relationships in...

Question 17

Define the idea of the zone of proximal development. What are some applications of this idea for education, counseling, and parenting practices? What are some criticisms of this idea?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Define the idea of the zone of...

Question 18

Vygotsky's concept of the zone of proximal development highlights the _______ aspect of learning and developmen?

Accepted Answer

A)   social
B)   genetic
C)   evolutionary
D)   conservative

Exam 9: Cognitive Social Historical Theory