Question 1

The techniques of neutralization for white-collar crime include (check all that apply):

Accepted Answer

A)   Denying responsibility
B)   Denying the victim
C)   Condemning the condemners
D)   Appeal to higher loyalties A,B,C,D

Question 2

A white-collar offender accepts responsibility for their actions but denies the negative content. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

A)   Distorting the truth
B)   Excusing their behavior
C)   Justifying their behavior C

Question 3

______ permit offenders to engage in illegal behavior while at the same time not thinking of themselves as "criminals."

Accepted Answer

A)   Neutralizations
B)   Distortions
C)   Dismissals
D)   None of the above A

Question 4

Concerted ignorance and structural secrecy are the same thing.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

______ refers to when offenders know or suspect that what they are doing is illegal, but they do not believe that they are directly responsible for the act or its consequences

Accepted Answer

A)   Dismissal
B)   Denying responsibility
C)   Justifying

Question 6

According to the book, there are two kinds of accounts white-collar offenders use to explain their behaviors. These are (check all that apply):

Accepted Answer

A)   Excuses
B)   Neutralizations
C)   Distortions
D)   Justifications

Question 7

The term "concerted ignorance" refers to or means:

Accepted Answer

A)   The same as "normalized deviance"
B)   The tendency of lower level employees to avoid learning about the decision-making processes of corporate executives
C)   When corporate executives deliberately avoid learning about the risks they are imposing on other people, such as consumers or employees
D)   When regulatory agencies deliberately write rules and regulations that are difficult for business executives to understand

Question 8

A white-collar offender admits that he/she did something wrong, but denies having full responsibility for the action. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

A)   Distorting the truth
B)   Excusing their behavior
C)   Justifying their behavior

Question 9

What is the difference between concerted ignorance and normalized deviance in organizations?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the difference between concerted ignorance...

Question 10

Only leaders in executive positions can claim that they were "acting under orders" when they engaged in white-collar crime.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

The process of normalization of deviance - as in the NASA example provided in the book - does not include which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)   Structural secrecy
B)   Bottom-up decision-making
C)   Accountability to outside forces
D)   Complex informational context

Question 12

Studies indicate that one of the most distinguishing psychological characteristics of white-collar offenders is that they:

Accepted Answer

A)   Deny that they ever intended to commit a crime
B)   Often suffer from mental health problems such as depression and anxiety
C)   Are very sorry about their offenses and the victims that they hurt
D)   Tend to be socially inept and introverted, that is, they have trouble getting along with other people.

Question 13

As discussed in the book, some ways that white-collar offenders us to deny responsibility are (check all that apply):

Accepted Answer

A)   Concerted ignorance
B)   Claiming to be following orders
C)   Denying the law
D)   Fabricating the truth

Question 14

As applied to white-collar crime, the opportunity perspective assumes that offenders are aware that their actions are wrong or illegal.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

As discussed in Benson and Simpson, "normalized" deviance is:

Accepted Answer

A)   Deviance that is common in a population.
B)   Deviance that is not recognized by the government as being illegal
C)   Deviance that is recognized by most people as being harmless
D)   Deviance that is not recognized by the people involved as being deviant

Question 16

The explosion of the space shuttle Challenger was caused by:

Accepted Answer

A)   A mistake by the shuttle commander who was in charge during take off
B)   Cold weather that led to the failure of a faulty O-ring
C)   The shuttle striking a flock of birds during take-off
D)   Some unknown factor that NASA was never able to identify

Question 17

______ deviance is deviant behavior that is not recognized as being deviant.

Accepted Answer

A)   Primary
B)   Secondary
C)   Neutralized
D)   Normalized

Question 18

Discuss what "denying the victim" means in white-collar crime.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Discuss what "denying the victim" means in...

Question 19

Discuss one of the following techniques of neutralization: denying responsibility, denying the victim, condemning the condemners, and appeal to higher loyalties.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Discuss one of the following techniques of...

Question 20

Before a white-collar offender can engage in white-collar crime, they must view the opportunity for it in a way they can continue to see themselves as noncriminal.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 7: The Symbolic Construction of Opportunity: Neutralization, Moral Disengagement, and Normalization of Deviance

The techniques of neutralization for white-collar crime include (check all that apply) :

A white-collar offender accepts responsibility for their actions but denies the negative content. This is an example of:

______ permit offenders to engage in illegal behavior while at the same time not thinking of themselves as "criminals."

Concerted ignorance and structural secrecy are the same thing.

______ refers to when offenders know or suspect that what they are doing is illegal, but they do not believe that they are directly responsible for the act or its consequences

According to the book, there are two kinds of accounts white-collar offenders use to explain their behaviors. These are (check all that apply) :

The term "concerted ignorance" refers to or means:

A white-collar offender admits that he/she did something wrong, but denies having full responsibility for the action. This is an example of:

What is the difference between concerted ignorance and normalized deviance in organizations?

Only leaders in executive positions can claim that they were "acting under orders" when they engaged in white-collar crime.

The process of normalization of deviance - as in the NASA example provided in the book - does not include which of the following?

Studies indicate that one of the most distinguishing psychological characteristics of white-collar offenders is that they:

As discussed in the book, some ways that white-collar offenders us to deny responsibility are (check all that apply) :

As applied to white-collar crime, the opportunity perspective assumes that offenders are aware that their actions are wrong or illegal.

As discussed in Benson and Simpson, "normalized" deviance is:

The explosion of the space shuttle Challenger was caused by:

______ deviance is deviant behavior that is not recognized as being deviant.

Discuss what "denying the victim" means in white-collar crime.

Discuss one of the following techniques of neutralization: denying responsibility, denying the victim, condemning the condemners, and appeal to higher loyalties.

Before a white-collar offender can engage in white-collar crime, they must view the opportunity for it in a way they can continue to see themselves as noncriminal.