Question 1

What is the defining distinction between control and experimental conditions?

Accepted Answer

A)   The presence of the independent variable
B)   The change in responding
C)   The occurrence of steady states
D)   The presence of extraneous variables A

Question 2

Can a researcher have too much experimental control? Support your answer with an example.

Accepted Answer

There must not be so much control that the preparation fails to reflect the circumstances needed to answer the question.

Question 3

The form of replication that stems from the steady state strategy is:

Accepted Answer

A)   replication across sessions
B)   replication across trials
C)   replication of entire studies
D)   replication across research literatures A

Question 4

The goal of experimentation is to learn enough about he effects of the independent variable on the target behavior to show that particular changes in responding are a function of the independent variable and nothing else. This result is called a(n) ______.

Accepted Answer

A)   reproduction
B)   replication
C)   correlation
D)   functional relation

Question 5

What are the three ways that investigators control for extraneous variables? What are the pros and cons of each?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What are the three ways that investigators...

Question 6

If a study is well done, how many participants are needed to justify conclusions that the data are true:

Accepted Answer

A)   1
B)   2
C)   3
D)   4 or more

Question 7

When the factors that make up a phase are not the specific focus of the researcher's interest, it is called:

Accepted Answer

A)   an experimental condition
B)   a treatment condition
C)   a within subject design
D)   a control condition

Question 8

What is the goal when conducting a study or clinical evaluation of some intervention on responding?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the goal when conducting a...

Question 9

If a researcher wanted to assess the generality of a condition, how closely should the replication be to the original condition?

Accepted Answer

The answer of If a researcher wanted to assess the...

Question 10

Describe the two kinds of information that can be provided by a replication of an experimental condition.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe the two kinds of information that...

Question 11

In order to serve as an effective control condition, the baseline conditions must run throughout the:

Accepted Answer

A)   intervention condition
B)   first phase change
C)   experimental control
D)   dependent variable condition

Question 12

Describe three of the five different types of replication.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe three of the five different types...

Question 13

What are the two general kinds of information that the different types of replication provide?

Accepted Answer

A)   The validity and reliability of the findings
B)   The generality and validity of the findings
C)   The reliability and generality of the findings
D)   The believability and generality of the findings

Question 14

Replications are more likely to be needed for the following reasons, except:

Accepted Answer

A)   the existing literature on the topic is small or weak
B)   there are obvious alternative explanations for the effects
C)   the groups' behavior did not support the original hypothesis
D)   the replication will be relatively easy to do

Question 15

Pia is a BCBA practitioner and she needs to develop a treatment protocol for reducing a problem behavior with one of her clients. While developing her treatment plan, describe 3 things she must consider in her protocol for implementing her treatment.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Pia is a BCBA practitioner and she...

Question 16

Researchers manage extraneous variables in each of the following ways, except:

Accepted Answer

A)   eliminate them entirely
B)   hold them constant across conditions
C)   evaluate them directly through experimental manipulations
D)   accepting them as intrinsic and explaining their possible effects in the discussion

Question 17

The control condition is often presented before the experimental condition for all of the following reasons, except:

Accepted Answer

A)   it can provide participants with a history that they must have in order to prepare for the experimental condition
B)   it can be used to fine tune the general preparation early in the project
C)   it can be extended until the data are stable and everything appears to be working as intended
D)   it provides a better comparison between the two conditions than if the order was reversed

Question 18

What is the defining distinction between control and experimental/treatment conditions?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the defining distinction between control...

Question 19

The control condition serves two purposes. The first is to establish general conditions under which participants will behave. What is its second purpose?

Accepted Answer

A)   It isolates the dependent variable so that it cannot be influenced by extraneous factors
B)   It controls for all of the factors in the experimental condition that are not the independent variable
C)   It provides the researchers with an opportunity to measure the accuracy of the independent variable
D)   It creates steady states of responding so that the researcher can make complete and accurate comparisons between the conditions

Question 20

The extent to which the independent variable is consistently implemented as designed is known as ______.

Accepted Answer

A)   validity
B)   replication
C)   treatment integrity
D)   reliability

Exam 11: Designing Behavioral Comparisons