Question 1

The compensation hypothesis, involving sensory differences between African and European cultures, has not been supported by compelling empirical data.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

Cross-cultural psychology provides compelling evidence that sensory differences (differences in the way people hear, smell, see, etc.) between cultures are insignificant.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

What is the term for a sleeplike state marked by reduced sensitivity to stimuli, loss or alteration of knowledge, and the substitution of automatic for voluntary motor activity?

Accepted Answer

A)  sleep 
B)  trance 
C)  aesthetic experience 
D)  dream 
E)  sensory adaptation

Question 4

Studies show that people, including residents of big cities, are substantially slower and less accurate at visually detecting animals compared to non-living objects such as moving cars.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

The organization of sensations in three dimensions, even though the image on the eye's retina is two-dimensional, is referred to as __________________.

Accepted Answer

A)  depth perception 
B)  difference threshold 
C)  sensory adaptation 
D)  revealing experience 
E)  sensory threshold

Question 6

_________ is a quiet and relaxed state of tranquility in which a person achieves an integration of emotions, attitudes, and thoughts.

Accepted Answer

A)  hypnosis 
B)  aesthetic experience 
C)  trance 
D)  meditation 
E)  sleep

Question 7

Describe the cultural interpretations of the red color.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe the cultural interpretations of the red...

Question 8

After spending an hour in a remote village, you become less aware of the noise caused by the constantly blowing dessert wind. This tendency to respond less to stimuli that continue without change is called:

Accepted Answer

The answer of After spending an hour in a remote...

Question 9

What is the name of the hypothesis that asserts people who are raised in an environment shaped by carpenters tend to interpret nonrectangular figures as representations of rectangular figures seen in perspective?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the name of the hypothesis...

Question 10

What is the difference between visionary and possession trances?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the difference between visionary and...

Question 11

Under the influence of the Protestant (Christian) tradition, developed first in Western Europe, altered states of consciousness were considered:

Accepted Answer

A)  normal, common phenomena 
B)  result of difficult educational environment 
C)  religious experiences 
D)  human emotions 
E)  abnormal phenomena

Question 12

Until recently, the altered states of consciousness associated with religious experiences have been practically excluded from scientific psychological research. Why?

Accepted Answer

A)  because of the government's restrictions on such studies 
B)  because of the attempts of researchers to distance psychology from organized religion 
C)  because of censorship: journals and magazines would not have published such research 
D)  because such studies are extremely expensive and require special licensing 
E)  because these states of consciousness are dangerous

Question 13

The ________ refers to the minimum amount of physical energy needed for an observer to notice a stimulus.

Accepted Answer

A)  absolute threshold 
B)  consciousness 
C)  wakefulness 
D)  perception 
E)  meditation

Question 14

A(n)________ is a term used to identify the feeling of pleasure evoked by stimuli that are perceived as beautiful, attractive, and rewarding.

Accepted Answer

A)  depth perception 
B)  perceptual set 
C)  aesthetic experience 
D)  revealing experience 
E)  sensory adaptation

Question 15

Describe the most significant difference between polyphasic and monophasic cultures (in the context of dreams).

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe the most significant difference between polyphasic...

Question 16

The _________ suggests that while an ethnic group may excel in a particular sensory task, they may be less adept in others. Yet, in sum, sensory and other cognitive skills are evenly balanced across ethnic groups.

Accepted Answer

A)  inequality hypothesis 
B)  power hypothesis 
C)  compensation hypothesis 
D)  justice hypothesis 
E)  consciousness hypothesis

Question 17

Imagine your client during a therapy session describes her perceptions and feelings when an evil spirit invaded her body a few days ago. From a psychological perspective, how would you define this altered state of consciousness?

Accepted Answer

A)  visionary trance 
B)  non-specific spirit-related coma 
C)  spiritual awakening 
D)  possession trance 
E)  "Seven-days-in-Tibet" experience

Question 18

What are the main psychological (cognitive) symptom of visionary trance? Describe them.

Accepted Answer

The answer of What are the main psychological (cognitive) symptom...

Question 19

The organization of sensations in three dimensions, even though the image on the eye's retina is two-dimensional is called:

Accepted Answer

The answer of The organization of sensations in three dimensions,...

Question 20

The text distinguishes between two types of trances: one is visionary and the other is: _____________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The text distinguishes between two types of...

Exam 4: Cognition: Sensation, Perception, and States of Consciousness

The compensation hypothesis, involving sensory differences between African and European cultures, has not been supported by compelling empirical data.

Cross-cultural psychology provides compelling evidence that sensory differences (differences in the way people hear, smell, see, etc.) between cultures are insignificant.

What is the term for a sleeplike state marked by reduced sensitivity to stimuli, loss or alteration of knowledge, and the substitution of automatic for voluntary motor activity?

Studies show that people, including residents of big cities, are substantiallyslower and less accurate at visually detecting animals compared to non-living objects such as moving cars.

The organization of sensations in three dimensions, even though the image on the eye's retina is two-dimensional, is referred to as __________________.

_________ is a quiet and relaxed state of tranquility in which a person achieves an integration of emotions, attitudes, and thoughts.

Describe the cultural interpretations of the red color.

After spending an hour in a remote village, you become less aware of the noise caused by the constantly blowing dessert wind. This tendency to respond less to stimuli that continue without change is called:

What is the name of the hypothesis that asserts people who are raised in an environment shaped by carpenters tend to interpret nonrectangular figures as representations of rectangular figures seen in perspective?

What is the difference between visionary and possession trances?

Under the influence of the Protestant (Christian) tradition, developed first in Western Europe, altered states of consciousness were considered:

Until recently, the altered states of consciousness associated with religious experiences have been practically excluded from scientific psychological research. Why?

The ________ refers to the minimum amount of physical energy needed for an observer to notice a stimulus.

A(n) ________ is a term used to identify the feeling of pleasure evoked by stimuli that are perceived as beautiful, attractive, and rewarding.

Describe the most significant difference between polyphasic and monophasic cultures (in the context of dreams).

The _________ suggests that while an ethnic group may excel in a particular sensory task, they may be less adept in others. Yet, in sum, sensory and other cognitive skills are evenly balanced across ethnic groups.

Imagine your client during a therapy session describes her perceptions and feelings when an evil spirit invaded her body a few days ago. From a psychological perspective, how would you define this altered state of consciousness?

What are the main psychological (cognitive) symptom of visionary trance? Describe them.

The organization of sensations in three dimensions, even though the image on the eye's retina is two-dimensional is called:

The text distinguishes between two types of trances: one is visionary and the other is: _____________.