Question 1

Gluconeogenesis involves the conversion of pyruvate to glucose. In a formal sense, this is essentially the reversal of glycolysis. However, the actual reactions are different. Explain this.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Gluconeogenesis involves the conversion of pyruvate to...

Question 2

What is the definition of free-energy change?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the definition of free-energy change?...

Question 3

The _______ produced by the electron transport chain drives a flow of these ions through a complex of proteins called _______ to produce ATP from ADP and P_i.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The _______ produced by the electron transport...

Question 4

Traditionally, it was assumed that ATP synthesis in mitochondria would be via high-energy phosphate group transfer intermediates, but none have ever been found. How does the chemiosmotic theory explain their absence?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Traditionally, it was assumed that ATP synthesis...

Question 5

Fatty acids are broken down in a stepwise process, _______ carbon(s) at a time.

Accepted Answer

A)  one 
B)  two 
C)  four 
D)  six

Question 6

The potential energy stored in the proton gradient that drives oxidative phosphorylation is totally chemical in nature.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

What is the change in free energy ($\Delta$ G) for the hydrolysis of ATP to ADP and Pi in the cell?

Accepted Answer

A)  +12 kcal/mol 
B)  -1.2 kcal/mol 
C)  -7.3 kcal/mol 
D)  -12 kcal/mol

Question 8

Where in "typical" eukaryotic cells does the citric acid cycle occur? Be specific if the process or event occurs in only one part of an organelle. If you are not sure, give the location of the enzymes that catalyze the process.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Where in "typical" eukaryotic cells does the...

Question 9

What is the definition of Gibbs free energy (G)?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the definition of Gibbs free...

Question 10

In humans, how many amino acids must be taken up in the diet?

Accepted Answer

A)  0 
B)  9 
C)  19 
D)  20

Question 11

Suppose that in a cell culture experiment you add glucose uniformly labeled with carbon-14 to the culture medium. You then assay for the kinetics of carbon-14 incorporation into various amino acids. You find that carbon-14 is incorporated into histidine before it is incorporated into aspartate. Why?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Suppose that in a cell culture experiment...

Question 12

Nucleic acid synthesis occurs by polymerization of nucleotide monophosphates into DNA or RNA.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

In photosynthesis, energy from sunlight is used to drive the synthesis of ATP and NADPH.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

In plants, the molecule that captures energy from sunlight is

Accepted Answer

A)  NADPH. 
B)  chlorophyll. 
C)  chloroplast. 
D)  chromatin.

Question 15

The conversion of A into B has a $\Delta$G of +13 kcal/mol, and the conversion of C into D has a $\Delta$G of -25 kcal/mol. If the two reactions are coupled through an enzyme, such that A + C goes to B + D, what is the free energy change, and in which direction will the reaction proceed?

Accepted Answer

The answer of The conversion of A into B has...

Question 16

Because fatty acids are synthesized by the stepwise addition of acetyl CoA derivatives, they differ in length by units of _______ carbon(s).

Accepted Answer

A)  1 
B)  2 
C)  3 
D)  4

Question 17

Antimetabolite chemotherapy succeeds as a treatment for childhood leukemia because

Accepted Answer

A)  cancer cells are dividing rapidly. 
B)  cancer cells are qualitatively different from normal cells. 
C)  normal cells are totally unaffected by the antimetabolite. 
D)  normal cells are impermeable to the antimetabolite.

Question 18

The production of one glucose from two pyruvates requires _______ more than is obtained through glycolysis.

Accepted Answer

A)  2 NADH 
B)  2 ATP and 2 GTP 
C)  2 NADH and 2 ATP 
D)  4 ATP

Question 19

The reduction of atmospheric N₂ to NH₃ by certain species of bacteria is referred to as _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The reduction of atmospheric N₂ to NH₃...

Question 20

A nucleotide is a

Accepted Answer

A)  base found in nucleic acids. 
B)  purine or pyrimidine base plus a five-carbon sugar. 
C)  purine or pyrimidine base, a five-carbon sugar, and one or more phosphate groups. 
D)  purine or pyrimidine base, a five-carbon sugar, and three phosphate groups.

Exam 3: Bioenergetics and Metabolism

Gluconeogenesis involves the conversion of pyruvate to glucose. In a formal sense, this is essentially the reversal of glycolysis. However, the actual reactions are different. Explain this.

What is the definition of free-energy change?

The _ produced by the electron transport chain drives a flow of these ions through a complex of proteins called _ to produce ATP from ADP and P_i.

Traditionally, it was assumed that ATP synthesis in mitochondria would be via high-energy phosphate group transfer intermediates, but none have ever been found. How does the chemiosmotic theory explain their absence?

Fatty acids are broken down in a stepwise process, _______ carbon(s) at a time.

The potential energy stored in the proton gradient that drives oxidative phosphorylation is totally chemical in nature.

What is the change in free energy ( $\Delta$ G) for the hydrolysis of ATP to ADP and P_i in the cell?

Where in "typical" eukaryotic cells does the citric acid cycle occur? Be specific if the process or event occurs in only one part of an organelle. If you are not sure, give the location of the enzymes that catalyze the process.

What is the definition of Gibbs free energy (G)?

In humans, how many amino acids must be taken up in the diet?

Suppose that in a cell culture experiment you add glucose uniformly labeled with carbon-14 to the culture medium. You then assay for the kinetics of carbon-14 incorporation into various amino acids. You find that carbon-14 is incorporated into histidine before it is incorporated into aspartate. Why?

Nucleic acid synthesis occurs by polymerization of nucleotide monophosphates into DNA or RNA.

In photosynthesis, energy from sunlight is used to drive the synthesis of ATP and NADPH.

In plants, the molecule that captures energy from sunlight is

The conversion of A into B has a $\Delta$ G of +13 kcal/mol, and the conversion of C into D has a $\Delta$ G of -25 kcal/mol. If the two reactions are coupled through an enzyme, such that A + C goes to B + D, what is the free energy change, and in which direction will the reaction proceed?

Because fatty acids are synthesized by the stepwise addition of acetyl CoA derivatives, they differ in length by units of _______ carbon(s) .

Antimetabolite chemotherapy succeeds as a treatment for childhood leukemia because

The production of one glucose from two pyruvates requires _______ more than is obtained through glycolysis.

The reduction of atmospheric N₂ to NH₃ by certain species of bacteria is referred to as _______.

A nucleotide is a

Exam 3: Bioenergetics and Metabolism

Gluconeogenesis involves the conversion of pyruvate to glucose. In a formal sense, this is essentially the reversal of glycolysis. However, the actual reactions are different. Explain this.

What is the definition of free-energy change?

The _______ produced by the electron transport chain drives a flow of these ions through a complex of proteins called _______ to produce ATP from ADP and Pi.

Traditionally, it was assumed that ATP synthesis in mitochondria would be via high-energy phosphate group transfer intermediates, but none have ever been found. How does the chemiosmotic theory explain their absence?

Fatty acids are broken down in a stepwise process, _______ carbon(s) at a time.

The potential energy stored in the proton gradient that drives oxidative phosphorylation is totally chemical in nature.

What is the change in free energy ( Δ\DeltaΔ G) for the hydrolysis of ATP to ADP and Pi in the cell?

Where in "typical" eukaryotic cells does the citric acid cycle occur? Be specific if the process or event occurs in only one part of an organelle. If you are not sure, give the location of the enzymes that catalyze the process.

What is the definition of Gibbs free energy (G)?

In humans, how many amino acids must be taken up in the diet?

Nucleic acid synthesis occurs by polymerization of nucleotide monophosphates into DNA or RNA.

In photosynthesis, energy from sunlight is used to drive the synthesis of ATP and NADPH.

In plants, the molecule that captures energy from sunlight is

The conversion of A into B has a Δ\DeltaΔ G of +13 kcal/mol, and the conversion of C into D has a Δ\DeltaΔ G of -25 kcal/mol. If the two reactions are coupled through an enzyme, such that A + C goes to B + D, what is the free energy change, and in which direction will the reaction proceed?

Because fatty acids are synthesized by the stepwise addition of acetyl CoA derivatives, they differ in length by units of _______ carbon(s) .

Antimetabolite chemotherapy succeeds as a treatment for childhood leukemia because

The production of one glucose from two pyruvates requires _______ more than is obtained through glycolysis.

The reduction of atmospheric N2 to NH3 by certain species of bacteria is referred to as _______.

A nucleotide is a

The _ produced by the electron transport chain drives a flow of these ions through a complex of proteins called _ to produce ATP from ADP and P_i.

What is the change in free energy ( $\Delta$ G) for the hydrolysis of ATP to ADP and P_i in the cell?

The conversion of A into B has a $\Delta$ G of +13 kcal/mol, and the conversion of C into D has a $\Delta$ G of -25 kcal/mol. If the two reactions are coupled through an enzyme, such that A + C goes to B + D, what is the free energy change, and in which direction will the reaction proceed?

The reduction of atmospheric N₂ to NH₃ by certain species of bacteria is referred to as _______.