Question 1

When theorizing about human physiology, Descartes relied heavily on the hydraulic model he observed in
Moving statues. In Descartes' view of humans, _____ flowing in nerves is (are) analogous to water flowing
In the pipes of the statues.

Accepted Answer

A)   the pineal gland
B)   air
C)   animal spirits
D)   very fine atoms C

Question 2

_____ was the first to apply statistics to the moral arena. One way he did so was by studying relationships
Between criminal behavior and age.

Accepted Answer

A)   Jacques Quételet
B)   Francis Galton
C)   Abraham DeMoivre
D)   Karl Friedrich Gauss A

Question 3

________ was the first to use the term co-relation (later changed to correlation). He also contributed to the
Technical mathematical basis of correlation's.

Accepted Answer

A)   Jacques Quételet
B)   Francis Galton
C)   Karl Pearson
D)   Karl Friedrich Gauss B

Question 4

The doctrine of the specific energies of the nerves implies that

Accepted Answer

A)   experience is not totally dependent upon nervous structure.
B)   we are directly aware of objects in the world.
C)   we are directly aware not of objects, but of our nerves themselves.
D)   the mind is only sometimes tied directly to the machinery of the body.

Question 5

_____discovered a gap between nerve cells and theorized that neural transmission proceeds from the synapse to the axon of a nerve cell

Accepted Answer

A)   Camillo Golgi
B)   Julius Eduard Hitzig
C)   Paul Broca
D)   Santiago Ramón Y Cajal

Question 6

_____ measured the speed of a nervous impulse.

Accepted Answer

A)   Johannes Müller
B)   Hermann von Helmholtz
C)   Jacques Quételet
D)   Francis Galton

Question 7

__________ was the first to clearly demonstrate a spinal reflex.

Accepted Answer

A)   Sir Charles Bell
B)   Julien Offray de la Mettrie
C)   Stephen Hales
D)   Pierre Jean-Georges Cabanis

Question 8

"The heart is a spring, the nerves are strings, the joints are wheels giving motion to the whole body." This
Mechanistic approach to life is encountered in the work of

Accepted Answer

A)   George Berkeley.
B)   Thomas Hobbes.
C)   Immanuel Kant.
D)   Christian von Wolff.

Question 9

Which of the following advanced that idea that philosophy is simply the study of bodies in motion?

Accepted Answer

A)   René Descartes
B)   Francis Bacon
C)   John Locke
D)   Thomas Hobbes

Question 10

In the tradition of la Mettrie, was a thoroughly materialistic physician who emphasized close connections between psychological processes, neurological activity, and environmental influences.

Accepted Answer

A)   Pierre-Jean-George Cabanis
B)   Etienne Bonnot de Condillac
C)   Jan Swammerdam
D)   Robert Whytt

Question 11

The author of Leviathan was

Accepted Answer

A)   Joseph Ignace Guillotin.
B)   Julien Offray de la Mettrie.
C)   Sir Charles Bell.
D)   Thomas Hobbes.

Question 12

__________ drew distinctions between voluntary and involuntary actions and may have been the first to use the
Terms stimulus and response in a manner comparable to modern usage.

Accepted Answer

A)   Robert Whytt
B)   Stephen Hales
C)   Johann August Unzer
D)   François Magendie

Question 13

A muscle with an attached nerve from a frog's leg contracts in a sealed glass tube. At one end of the glass tube
Is a pipette containing a drop of water. When the muscle contracts, the drop of water is not forced out. This
Demonstration by __________ proved embarrassing to the theory of nervous action advanced by
____________.

Accepted Answer

A)   Descartes . . . Swammerdam
B)   Swammerdam . . . Descartes
C)   Swammerdam . . . Hobbes
D)   Descartes . . . Hobbes

Question 14

The literal meaning of phrenology is

Accepted Answer

A)   science of the skull.
B)   science of the brain.
C)   science of the mind.
D)   science of shape.

Question 15

_____ used the method of ablation to find look for evidence to support the claims of phrenology, but he
Found no such evidence.

Accepted Answer

A)   Franz Joseph Gall
B)   Hermann von Helmholtz
C)   Edward Bradford Titchener
D)   Pierre Flourens

Question 16

_________ was one of the first to use descriptive social statistics in campaigns to improve the treatment
Environments for people with mental illnesses.

Accepted Answer

A)   Benjamin Rush
B)   Jacques Quételet
C)   Francis Galton
D)   Dorthea Lynde Dix

Question 17

_____ was the English researcher who discovered the motor function of the ventral root of the spinal chord.

Accepted Answer

A)   Robert Whytt
B)   Stephen Hales
C)   Sir Charles Bell
D)   Johann August Unzer

Question 18

_____ developed the conviction that mental functions and personality characteristics are located in specific
Areas of the brain.

Accepted Answer

A)   Franz Joseph Gall
B)   Hermann von Helmholtz
C)   Paul Broca
D)   Pierre Flourens

Question 19

In terms of ontology, Hobbes was

Accepted Answer

A)   an interactionist, believing in the reality of mind and body.
B)   an idealist.
C)   a thoroughgoing materialist.
D)   a pluralist.

Question 20

_____ discovered that articulate or spoken speech is localized in the left inferior frontal gyrus.

Accepted Answer

A)   Franz Joseph Gall
B)   Julius Eduard Hitzig
C)   Paul Broca
D)   Pierre Flourens

Exam 8: Mechanization and Quantification

When theorizing about human physiology, Descartes relied heavily on the hydraulic model he observed in Moving statues. In Descartes' view of humans, _____ flowing in nerves is (are) analogous to water flowing In the pipes of the statues.

_____ was the first to apply statistics to the moral arena. One way he did so was by studying relationships Between criminal behavior and age.

________ was the first to use the term co-relation (later changed to correlation) . He also contributed to the Technical mathematical basis of correlation's.

The doctrine of the specific energies of the nerves implies that

_____discovered a gap between nerve cells and theorized that neural transmission proceeds from the synapse to the axon of a nerve cell

_____ measured the speed of a nervous impulse.

__________ was the first to clearly demonstrate a spinal reflex.

"The heart is a spring, the nerves are strings, the joints are wheels giving motion to the whole body." This Mechanistic approach to life is encountered in the work of

Which of the following advanced that idea that philosophy is simply the study of bodies in motion?

In the tradition of la Mettrie, was a thoroughly materialistic physician who emphasized close connections between psychological processes, neurological activity, and environmental influences.

The author of Leviathan was

__________ drew distinctions between voluntary and involuntary actions and may have been the first to use the Terms stimulus and response in a manner comparable to modern usage.

The literal meaning of phrenology is

_____ used the method of ablation to find look for evidence to support the claims of phrenology, but he Found no such evidence.

_________ was one of the first to use descriptive social statistics in campaigns to improve the treatment Environments for people with mental illnesses.

_____ was the English researcher who discovered the motor function of the ventral root of the spinal chord.

_____ developed the conviction that mental functions and personality characteristics are located in specific Areas of the brain.

In terms of ontology, Hobbes was

_____ discovered that articulate or spoken speech is localized in the left inferior frontal gyrus.