Question 1

Impaired executive function has been reported in individuals with

Accepted Answer

A)   frontal lobe lesions
B)   Alzheimer's disease
C)   autism
D)   all of the above (i.e. a + b + c)  D

Question 2

The working memory model (Baddeley and Hitch 1974) proposed three main components to WM

Accepted Answer

A)   phonological loop, visuo-spatial sketchpad, rehearsal buffer
B)   phonological loop, visuo-spatial sketchpad, mental lexicon
C)   central executive, phonological loop, visuo-spatial sketchpad
D)   phonological loop, central executive, mental lexicon C

Question 3

Kane and Engle (2002) found that performance on complex STM span tasks

Accepted Answer

A)   predicts happiness later in life
B)   predicts social success later in life
C)   predicts language comprehension scores and academic performance
D)   cannot predict later cognitive performance C

Question 4

Baddeley and Hitch (1974) proposed the working memory (WM) to replace the previous concept of

Accepted Answer

A)   the storage memory
B)   the unconscious memory
C)   the long-term memory
D)   the short-term memory

Question 5

fMRI imaging studies carried out by Oztekin et al. (2010) suggest that

Accepted Answer

A)   retrieval from WM and storage memory (SM)  involve similar temporal lobe activation patterns
B)   retrieval from WM and SM involve different temporal lobe activation patterns
C)   encoding into WM and SM involve similar temporal lobe activation patterns
D)   encoding into WM and SM involve different temporal lobe activation patterns

Question 6

William James distinguished primary from secondary memory on the basis that

Accepted Answer

A)   the contents of secondary memory are held in conscious awareness
B)   the contents of primary memory are held in conscious awareness
C)   primary memory holds only meaningless items
D)   secondary memory holds only meaningless items

Question 7

List and define the components of the Phonological Loop and Visuo-spatial Sketchpad.

Accepted Answer

The answer of List and define the components of the...

Question 8

Describe Primacy and Recency Effect.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe Primacy and Recency Effect....

Question 9

Cowan (2010) used the running memory task to suggest that the STM has a storage capacity of

Accepted Answer

A)   4 items
B)   7 items
C)   10 items
D)   16 items

Question 10

Describe the Primacy and Recency Effect and explain why they occur (in the context of the dual-store model of memory)

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe the Primacy and Recency Effect and...

Question 11

Miyake et al. (2000) identified three main functions of the central executive

Accepted Answer

A)   inhibition, shifting, consolidating
B)   shifting, updating, reinstating
C)   inhibition, shifting, updating
D)   updating, inhibition, checking

Question 12

Brockmole and Logie (2013) reported that WM scores tend to reach a peak at the age of

Accepted Answer

A)   10 years
B)   15 years
C)   20 years
D)   30 years

Question 13

Describe the Dual-Store Model of memory (Atkinson and Shiffrin, 1968)

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe the Dual-Store Model of memory (Atkinson...

Question 14

Baddeley and Lewis (1981) found that articulatory suppression

Accepted Answer

A)   disrupts the immediate recall of spoken words
B)   disrupts the immediate recall of visually presented shapes
C)   disrupts the immediate recall of faces
D)   has no effect on immediate recall

Question 15

Controlled attention theory (Cowan 2005) proposes that

Accepted Answer

A)   working memory consists of the temporary activation of a part of the storage memory
B)   storage memory consists of the prolonged activation of the working memory
C)   working memory is completely unrelated to storage memory
D)   working memory occupies a fixed location in the brain

Question 16

How does measuring individual differences in working memory performance help us predict cognitive abilities, ability to control one's diet, weight, likelihood of committing an act of infidelity, and propensity for expressing racial prejudice?

Accepted Answer

The answer of How does measuring individual differences in working...

Question 17

How many items can be held in short-term memory? What strategy allows one to increase this number?

Accepted Answer

The answer of How many items can be held in...

Question 18

Bellugi et al. (1994) reported that individuals with Williams Syndrome show

Accepted Answer

A)   impaired verbal processing with normal visuo-spatial processing
B)   impaired visuo-spatial processing with normal verbal processing
C)   impaired visuo-spatial processing and impaired verbal processing
D)   impaired executive function and normal visuo-spatial processing

Question 19

Studies of organic amnesics such as CW have suggested that

Accepted Answer

A)   without rehearsal STM lasts for about 1 second
B)   without rehearsal STM lasts for about 7 seconds
C)   without rehearsal STM lasts for about 60 seconds
D)   without rehearsal STM lasts for about 10 minutes

Question 20

Miyake and Friedman (2012) report that measures of central executive performance

Accepted Answer

A)   predict choice of career
B)   predict control of diet and weight
C)   are inconsistent over time
D)   cannot predict future behaviours

Exam 5: Short-Term Memory