Question 1

Which cytokine produced by Treg cells has several inhibitory effects on immune cell functions?

Accepted Answer

A)   IL-1β
B)   IL-2
C)   IL-4
D)   IL-6
E)   IL-10 E

Question 2

Monocyte TLR4 expression is generally lower in young unfit individuals compared with older fit individuals.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 3

Catecholamines upregulate the lipopolysaccharide-induced production of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β by immune cells.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 4

Which of the following tissues is responsible for the chronic low-grade inflammation that is associated with increased chronic disease risk in later life?

Accepted Answer

A)   Adipose tissue
B)   Endothelial tissue
C)   Epithelial tissue
D)   Skeletal muscle
E)   Cardiac muscle

Question 5

The main trigger for increased infiltration of macrophages into adipose tissue is thought to be...

Accepted Answer

A)   Increased numbers of adipocytes
B)   Increased levels of fatty acids
C)   Increased numbers of T cells in adipose tissue
D)   Increased size of adipocytes
E)   Increased secretion of adiponectin by adipocytes

Question 6

Increased insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes is not caused by any known immune mechanisms.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Exercise suppresses the secretion of Th2 cytokines more than Th1 cytokines.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

The inflammatory (CD14+CD16+) monocytes normally constitute about what percentage of the total blood monocyte population?

Accepted Answer

A)   0.1
B)   0.25
C)   0.5
D)   0.75
E)   0.9

Question 9

M1 macrophages produce TNF-a and IL-6 while the M2 macrophages produce anti-inflammatory cytokines and arginase.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

The major source of IL-6 in the circulation during exercise comes from...

Accepted Answer

A)   Adipose tissue
B)   Smooth muscle
C)   Connective tissue
D)   Skeletal muscle
E)   Liver

Exam 12: Exercise and the Prevention of Chronic Diseases: the Role of Cytokines and the Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Exercise

Which cytokine produced by Treg cells has several inhibitory effects on immune cell functions?

Monocyte TLR4 expression is generally lower in young unfit individuals compared with older fit individuals.

Catecholamines upregulate the lipopolysaccharide-induced production of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β by immune cells.

Which of the following tissues is responsible for the chronic low-grade inflammation that is associated with increased chronic disease risk in later life?

The main trigger for increased infiltration of macrophages into adipose tissue is thought to be...

Increased insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes is not caused by any known immune mechanisms.

Exercise suppresses the secretion of Th2 cytokines more than Th1 cytokines.

The inflammatory (CD14+CD16+) monocytes normally constitute about what percentage of the total blood monocyte population?

M1 macrophages produce TNF-a and IL-6 while the M2 macrophages produce anti-inflammatory cytokines and arginase.

The major source of IL-6 in the circulation during exercise comes from...