Question 1

Time spent in jail after conviction but before going to prison generally counts toward a prison sentence.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 2

A ________ term is one in which each sentence must be served in order, one following the other.

Accepted Answer

A)   Concurrent
B)   Consecutive
C)   Felony
D)   Misdemeanor B

Question 3

According to deterrence theory, punishment is an example of what awaits law violators and serves to educate would-be offenders, so that they will weigh the costs of crime against its benefits.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 4

A false positive refers to someone who is predicted to be safe but who turns out to be dangerous.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

_______ is the only justification for criminal punishment that is not "forward looking".

Accepted Answer

A)   Restorative justice
B)   Incapacitation
C)   Treatment
D)   Just deserts

Question 6

Often during violent offenses among friends and family, the crimes are more rational than emotional.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

________ refers to the unequal treatment of similar offenders at sentencing.

Accepted Answer

A)   Discrimination
B)   Racism
C)   Sexism
D)   Disparity

Question 8

________ suggests that punishment serves to prevent future crime, but not by education or fear. Rather, it prevents future crimes by removing opportunities for crimes.

Accepted Answer

A)   Death penalty
B)   Treatment
C)   Incapacitation
D)   Just deserts

Question 9

24 states have created sentencing commissions, formal bodies assigned to assess and oversee criminal sentencing and recommend reforms.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

In 1995, Congress passed legislation calling for states to develop ______________. As such, those convicted of violent offenses are to serve at least 85% of the term they receive.

Accepted Answer

A)   Mandatory minimum sentences
B)   Indeterminate sentences
C)   Truth in sentencing
D)   Intermediate sanctions

Question 11

In ___________ sentencing systems, the judge and parole authority have no sentencing power.

Accepted Answer

A)   Determinate
B)   Presumptive
C)   Mandatory minimum
D)   Indeterminate

Question 12

_______ deterrence occurs when the object of the deterrent effect is the specific offender.

Accepted Answer

A)   General deterrence
B)   Specific deterrence
C)   Criminal deterrence
D)   Public deterrence

Question 13

The number of death penalty sentences has significantly increased since the 1990s.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Treatment penalties assume an "identity of conflict" between the state and the offender.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Evidence supporting the effectiveness of deterrence is mixed.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

In ___________ sentencing systems, the legislature establishes a range of penalties (minimum to maximum) and the judge is then authorized to impose a sentence that is not less than the minimum and not more than the maximum.

Accepted Answer

A)   Presumptive
B)   Determinate
C)   Indeterminate
D)   Mandatory minimum

Question 17

__________ is a purpose of punishment based on the idea that punishment of the individual offender produces benefits for the future by making the crime less attractive.

Accepted Answer

A)   Just deserts
B)   Deterrence
C)   Restorative justice
D)   Treatment

Question 18

The responsivity principle of the risk-need-responsivity (RNR) model states that every offender will react identically to the treatment offered.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

The "focal concerns" of judges at sentencing are:

Accepted Answer

A)   Public protection, blameworthiness, and practical considerations.
B)   Public protection, blameworthiness, and just deserts.
C)   Public protection, equality, and blameworthiness.
D)   Public protection, blameworthiness, and severity of offense.

Exam 9: The Goals and Process of Punishment

Time spent in jail after conviction but before going to prison generally counts toward a prison sentence.

A ________ term is one in which each sentence must be served in order, one following the other.

According to deterrence theory, punishment is an example of what awaits law violators and serves to educate would-be offenders, so that they will weigh the costs of crime against its benefits.

A false positive refers to someone who is predicted to be safe but who turns out to be dangerous.

_______ is the only justification for criminal punishment that is not "forward looking".

Often during violent offenses among friends and family, the crimes are more rational than emotional.

________ refers to the unequal treatment of similar offenders at sentencing.

________ suggests that punishment serves to prevent future crime, but not by education or fear. Rather, it prevents future crimes by removing opportunities for crimes.

24 states have created sentencing commissions, formal bodies assigned to assess and oversee criminal sentencing and recommend reforms.

In 1995, Congress passed legislation calling for states to develop ______________. As such, those convicted of violent offenses are to serve at least 85% of the term they receive.

In ___________ sentencing systems, the judge and parole authority have no sentencing power.

_______ deterrence occurs when the object of the deterrent effect is the specific offender.

The number of death penalty sentences has significantly increased since the 1990s.

Treatment penalties assume an "identity of conflict" between the state and the offender.

Evidence supporting the effectiveness of deterrence is mixed.

In ___________ sentencing systems, the legislature establishes a range of penalties (minimum to maximum) and the judge is then authorized to impose a sentence that is not less than the minimum and not more than the maximum.

__________ is a purpose of punishment based on the idea that punishment of the individual offender produces benefits for the future by making the crime less attractive.

The responsivity principle of the risk-need-responsivity (RNR) model states that every offender will react identically to the treatment offered.

The "focal concerns" of judges at sentencing are: