Question 1

Describe the vocational issues related to back pain.

Accepted Answer

A. Individuals may have difficulty standing erect and many need to change position frequently. In addition, activities that involve twisting or lifting, prolonged sitting, or operating vibrating equipment may need to be diminished or stopped as this can cause the back pain to continue.
B. Individuals should be educated about good body mechanics and conditioning in order to help reduce the chance of further injury.
C. Individuals whose jobs require lifting or heavy physical work may need mechanical assistance devices or tables to allow lifting from the wait.
D. Regular rest breaks may be needed as well as instructions regarding good lifting techniques.
E. Ergonomics review of the workstation and equipment can help assure that individuals are sitting and moving in ways that reduce the risk of strain.

Question 2

What is osteoarthritis and the manifestations of this condition?

Accepted Answer

A. Osteoarthritis is a local joint condition and is not a systemic condition. Any joint can be involved in this condition, but it is most often seen in the joints of the knee. Risk factors for osteoarthritis of the knee include previous surgery or injury of the knee, occupational kneeling and squatting, and obesity, which puts extra strain on the joint. Occasionally osteoarthritis develops without any predisposing factors, and while the answer is not clear, it is thought to be associated with the aging process.
B. Manifestations only occur around the affected joint. These can include:
i. Bone spurs that may develop on the surface of the joints, eroding the cartilage so that it can no longer serve as a cushion or shock absorber
ii. Pain and inflammation is caused when the bones at the joint rub against each other
iii. Weight-bearing joints are most frequently affected
iv. When the knees or hips are affected, mobility may be impacted
v. Overuse of the affected joints, exposure to cold and damp weather, and many other factors may intensify manifestations

Question 3

In general, when working with individuals with musculoskeletal disorders to help them evaluate vocational potential, it is important to consider that:

Accepted Answer

A)   most people with musculoskeletal disorders are never able to return to work
B)   there is a gradual cognitive decline associated with many musculoskeletal conditions
C)   the amount of lifting, bending, and stooping required on any job must be considered
D)   jobs which impose mild to moderate psychological stress should not be considered C

Question 4

Two general issues for most individuals with musculoskeletal disorders are:

Accepted Answer

A)   pain and movement
B)   sensation and perception
C)   sleep and wakefulness
D)   cognitive and psychological function

Question 5

Explain the composition of a bone?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Explain the composition of a bone?...

Question 6

What are the vocational issues related to carpal tunnel syndrome?

Accepted Answer

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Question 7

Mrs. P had worked as a legal secretary until she developed carpal tunnel syndrome. She has now been referred for surgery. Based on your knowledge of carpal tunnel syndrome, you know that she will have surgery involving the:

Accepted Answer

A)   spine
B)   knee
C)   hand
D)   shoulder

Question 8

List and describe different types of general treatments that may be used for musculoskeletal conditions.

Accepted Answer

The answer of List and describe different types of general...

Question 9

What are the differences between strains and sprains?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What are the differences between strains and...

Question 10

How do bursitis, tendonitis, and tenosynovitis differ?

Accepted Answer

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Question 11

What are the manifestations of fibromyalgia?

Accepted Answer

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Question 12

How is osteoporosis managed?

Accepted Answer

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Question 13

Short bones are found in

Accepted Answer

A)   the skull
B)   in the arms and legs
C)   in the hands and feet
D)   in the mandible

Question 14

Ms. M tells you that recently she experienced a fracture where the bone was shattered. What type of facture is this?

Accepted Answer

A)   Open fracture
B)   Impacted fracture
C)   Displaced fracture
D)   Comminuted fracture

Question 15

In evaluating Mr. G's medical report, you note that the physician has stated that he needs to avoid inversion of the leg due to his joint deformity. In helping him to prepare to go back to work, you would know that he will need to avoid any movements which cause him to move his leg:

Accepted Answer

A)   upward
B)   downward
C)   inward
D)   outward

Question 16

Mr. B is a maintenance worker at a junior college. While changing bulbs in an overhead fixture in a stairway in one of the buildings on campus, he lost his balance, fell from a ladder, and experienced a fracture of his leg. You have been asked to review his case for Worker's Compensation purposes. You note that the physician has described the injury as a "complicated fracture of the left femur." This means that the break in the bone:

Accepted Answer

A)   does not extend all the way through the bone
B)   pierced the skin, causing the bone to protrude outside the skin
C)   is at a slant and extends through the bone from one side to the other, including the outer covering of the bone
D)   has injured blood vessels, nerves, and other tissue around the bone

Question 17

What are the three conditions that contribute to back pain?

Accepted Answer

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Question 18

Degenerative spondylolisthesis refers to:

Accepted Answer

A)   s-shaped curvature of the vertebrae
B)   lateral curvature of the vertebrae
C)   kidney stones
D)   forward slippage of a vertebrae into the one below

Question 19

All of the following are types of connective tissue except

Accepted Answer

A)   bursa
B)   joints
C)   cartilage
D)   ligaments

Exam 24: Structure, Function, and Common Conditions of the Musculoskeletal System