Question 1

Preschoolers' impressive skill at categorization is supported by

Accepted Answer

A)  animistic thinking. 
B)  their rapidly expanding vocabularies. 
C)  egocentric tendencies. 
D)  the use of magical thinking for events they cannot explain.

Question 2

Some investigators have concluded that the forms of logic required by Piagetian tasks

Accepted Answer

A)  are heavily influenced by training, context, and cultural conditions. 
B)  emerge spontaneously during middle childhood. 
C)  emerge spontaneously during adolescence. 
D)  show little variation worldwide.

Question 3

Which of the following would signal to Christie, a toddler, that her mother is engaging in make-believe play with her?

Accepted Answer

A)  She smiles less and is more serious with Christie. 
B)  She uses more "we" talk than she would during the same real-life event. 
C)  She always waits for the cues to come from Christie before participating in make-believe play with Christie. 
D)  She rarely offers any cues, and so Christie has to learn on her own when her mother is pretending and when she is not.

Question 4

Describe how Vygotsky's ideas influence trends in education today.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe how Vygotsky's ideas influence trends in...

Question 5

The capacity to use __________ as a flexible symbolic tool improves from the end of the second into the third year.

Accepted Answer

A)  make-believe 
B)  language 
C)  deferred imitation 
D)  the circular reaction

Question 6

Discuss the two major features of Piaget's formal operations stage.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Discuss the two major features of Piaget's...

Question 7

Laboratory research suggests that deferred imitation is present at __________ of age.

Accepted Answer

A)  6 weeks 
B)  12 weeks 
C)  6 months 
D)  14 months

Question 8

A hallmark of the concrete operational stage is the ability to

Accepted Answer

A)  understand dual representation. 
B)  participate in sociodramatic play. 
C)  pass conservation tasks. 
D)  engage in animistic thinking.

Question 9

In making decisions, adolescents, more often than adults,

Accepted Answer

A)  ignore well-learned intuitive judgments. 
B)  seek advice from parents or other trusted adults. 
C)  fall back on well-learned intuitive judgments. 
D)  weigh the pros and cons of possible outcomes.

Question 10

One neo-Piagetian perspective combines Piaget's stage approach with

Accepted Answer

A)  ecological systems theory. 
B)  information processing. 
C)  behaviorism. 
D)  the core knowledge perspective.

Question 11

According to theory theory,

Accepted Answer

A)  children draw on innate concepts to form explanations of everyday events. 
B)  cognitive development is largely due to increases in information-processing capacity. 
C)  the child and the social environment collaborate to build cognition in culturally adaptive ways. 
D)  by acting directly on the environment, children construct virtually all their knowledge about the world.

Question 12

Evidence confirms that, when making decisions, adolescents, relative to adults, are

Accepted Answer

A)  less willing to take risks. 
B)  more influenced by the possibility of immediate reward. 
C)  more apt to seek advice from others. 
D)  more likely to learn from feedback by revising their decision-making strategies.

Question 13

In one study, an experimenter hid a poker chip in her hand and asked adolescents to evaluate the truthfulness of the following statement: "The chip in my hand is green and it is not green." An adolescent who is capable of propositional thought would most likely answer that this statement is

Accepted Answer

A)  always false, regardless of the color of the poker chip. 
B)  false only if the poker chip is not green. 
C)  true if the poker chip is green. 
D)  always true, regardless of the color of the poker chip.

Question 14

In her classroom, Kim and small groups of students take turns leading dialogues on the content of various texts. This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  cooperative learning. 
B)  reciprocal teaching. 
C)  scaffolding. 
D)  guided participation.

Question 15

In Piaget's theory, infants are unable to mentally represent experience until about _____ months of age.

Accepted Answer

A)  3 
B)  9 
C)  12 
D)  18

Question 16

By the end of the first year, infants

Accepted Answer

A)  use language to acquire new information about an absent object. 
B)  use pictures as vehicles for communicating with others and acquiring new knowledge. 
C)  begin to use an object that already has an obvious use as a symbol for another object. 
D)  form flexible mental representations of how to use tools to get objects.

Question 17

When infants are tested to discover whether they understand the concept of object permanence and are shown two events-one expected and one unexpected-the infants

Accepted Answer

A)  show no awareness that the events differ from one another. 
B)  ignore the unexpected event. 
C)  look longer at the unexpected event than the expected event. 
D)  show a preference for the expected event.

Question 18

Gregor just turned 2½. By this age, the video deficit effect

Accepted Answer

A)  declines. 
B)  increases. 
C)  peaks. 
D)  stabilizes.

Question 19

In the violation-of-expectation method, __________ suggests that Baby Will is "surprised" by a deviation from physical reality.

Accepted Answer

A)  a lack of attention and unfocused behavior 
B)  heightened attention to the unexpected event 
C)  smiling rather than crying 
D)  quick recovery to a familiar event

Question 20

When 18-month-old James is given peas for the first time, he picks one up, throws it, and says "ball." According to Piaget's theory, James is most likely __________ the pea into his ball scheme.

Accepted Answer

A)  accommodating 
B)  organizing 
C)  equilibrating 
D)  assimilating

Exam 6: Cognitive Development: Piagetian, Core Knowledge, and Vygotskian Perspectives