Question 1

Habituation can be measured by:

Accepted Answer

A)  observing whole-body startle reactions to loud tones 
B)  measuring the amount of blood flowing into one's brain 
C)  measuring changes in the electrical conductivity of the skin 
D)  all of the above

Question 2

Gibson & Walk's classic perceptual learning experiment found that:

Accepted Answer

A)  infants exposed to English phonemes demonstrate language skills earlier than Hindi infants 
B)  preexposure to stimuli inhibits later learning 
C)  the more one knows about a learning environment, the less one can learn in the future 
D)  preexposure to stimuli facilitates later learning

Question 3

The novelty recognition task is particularly useful for testing the degree of_______ that develops in an organism during the course of exposure to a stimulus.

Accepted Answer

A) imaginal flooding 
B)  perceptual learning 
C)  orienting 
D)  learned safety

Question 4

The mere exposure effect is contingent upon which of the following occurring?

Accepted Answer

A)  rewards 
B)  problems 
C)  decision-making 
D)  none of the above

Question 5

An orienting response can be said to be similar to:

Accepted Answer

A)  sensitization and habituation 
B)  priming and sensitization 
C)  habituation and priming 
D)  habituation alone

Question 6

An Aplysia's siphon, when stimulated by touch, withdraws into its body. Such withdrawal, in and of itself, is illustrative of:

Accepted Answer

A)  habituation 
B)  sensitization 
C)  effector fatigue 
D)  response generalization

Question 7

From a cognitive perspective, habituation occurs when:

Accepted Answer

A)  a memory of an event is first being established 
B)  one does not have a memory for an event 
C)  sensory and motor neurons interact with one another 
D)  a memory of an event has been acquired

Question 8

In describing the nature of the relationship between habituation and sensitization, Dual-Process theory argues that:

Accepted Answer

A)  habituation plays a more dominant role in learning than sensitization 
B)  habituation may be a more dominant process in some learning situations, but sensitization may be more dominant in others 
C)  sensitization plays a more dominant role in learning than habituation 
D)  habituation and sensitization are always equally balanced in any learning environment.

Question 9

The use of stimuli exposures has been used to treat:

Accepted Answer

A)  depression 
B)  phobias 
C)  rapists 
D)  all of the above

Question 10

Which of the following methods are not forms of exposure therapy?

Accepted Answer

A)  implosion 
B)  virtual reality 
C)  emotional flooding 
D)  all of the above 
E)  none of the above

Question 11

Priming occurs when:

Accepted Answer

A)  one presentation of a stimulus facilitates the processing of a closely-following repetition of the same stimulus 
B)  several presentations of a stimulus facilitate the processing of a closely-following repetition of the same stimulus 
C)  one presentation of a stimulus facilitates the positive affect directed towards a closely-following repetition of the same stimulus 
D)  several presentations of a stimulus facilitate the positive affect directed towards a closely-following repetition of the same stimulus

Question 12

The Memory-Comparator theory is an example of what type of approach to habituation?

Accepted Answer

A)  behavioral 
B)  non-learning 
C)  cognitive 
D)  physiological

Question 13

Neurons directly involved in the reflex arc have been labeled:

Accepted Answer

A)  Type S 
B)  Type R 
C)  Type H 
D)  Type A

Question 14

Smith feels that his 10th-grade students will do much better in their calculus class that they will be taking next year if they do well in their math class this year, which provides the mathematical basics for calculus. Mr. Smith seems to be an advocate of:

Accepted Answer

A)  perceptual fluency 
B)  perceptual learning 
C)  the mere exposure effect 
D)  neophobia

Question 15

Samantha is attempting to measure permanent habituation in her rats. The memories that will have to be retrieved in order for Samantha to have any useful data will have to come from her subjects':

Accepted Answer

A)  short-term memory 
B)  long-term memory 
C)  sensory memory 
D)  iconic memory

Question 16

Which of the following is most likely to result in suppressed responding during a habituation experiment?

Accepted Answer

A)  spaced presentations 
B)  massed presentations 
C)  savings 
D)  generalization

Question 17

Kunst-Wilson and Zajonc showed that:

Accepted Answer

A)  the mere exposure effect could occur in the absence of conscious memory 
B)  the mere exposure effect was contingent upon conscious recall of stimuli 
C)  the mere exposure effect only occurs for consciously recalled stimuli 
D)  none of the above

Question 18

Habituation can be taken as evidence of learning when:

Accepted Answer

A)  a subject responds more to a stimulus as trials increase 
B)  a subject responds less to a stimulus as trials increase 
C)  a subject fails to respond at all during an entire training episode 
D)  none of the above

Question 19

Woods is conducting basic research on the different types of sensory neurons that carry input to spinal neurons. Her research on these neurons will most likely lead to an increased understanding of the biological nature of:

Accepted Answer

A)  habituation 
B)  sensitization 
C)  orienting responses 
D)  response generalization

Question 20

Continued, safe exposure to an object usually results in neophobia:

Accepted Answer

A)  increasing 
B)  decreasing 
C)  remaining the same 
D)  increasing at first, then decreasing

Exam 2: Habituation and Other Forms of Simple Stimulus Learning