Question 1

The cause-and-effect relationship that exists between a CS and US in a classical conditioning situation has a historical precedent in the work of:

Accepted Answer

A)  Rationalist philosophers 
B)  Nativist philosophers 
C)  the British Empiricists 
D)  all of the above

Question 2

An experimenter wants to test the level of Pavlovian conditioning that can be obtained via pairing a tone (the CS) with an electric shock (the US). Before beginning the actual CS-US pairings, the experimenter presents the tone by itself for several trials. The resulting consequence of this CS-only presentation on later CS-US associative learning is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

A)  latent inhibition 
B)  priming 
C)  forward conditioning 
D)  overshadowing

Question 3

Assume that a CS-US pairing has led to the establishment of a CR, and this CR is then extinguished. The subsequent presentation of a US by itself will most likely lead to:

Accepted Answer

A)  reinstatement 
B)  renewal 
C)  spontaneous recovery 
D)  continued extinction

Question 4

Using the situation described in 3.19, a truly random control condition would involve:

Accepted Answer

A)  having the light presented after the shock 
B)  always presenting the light and shock in distant temporal orders 
C)  presenting the light and shock in an completely non-correlated manner 
D)  presenting the light by itself

Question 5

Which of the following methods of classical conditioning is focused on the survival value of conditioned associations?

Accepted Answer

A)  eyeblink conditioning 
B)  SCR measurement 
C)  conditioned taste aversion 
D)  all of the above

Question 6

Using the situation described in 3.32, the procedure that would best establish an adaptive response would involve:

Accepted Answer

A)  presenting the shock first, followed by the light 
B)  presenting the light first, followed by the shock 
C)  having the light and shock occur in no specific temporal relationship to one another 
D)  presenting the light and shock at the same time

Question 7

Susan believes that the headaches she experiences every morning in Professor Jones's Art class are due to the food she eats for breakfast, and not the presence of Professor Jones. This type of associative process illustrates:

Accepted Answer

A)  the delta rule 
B)  prepared learning 
C)  blocking 
D)  overshadowing

Question 8

Classical conditioning was replaced by operant conditioning because:

Accepted Answer

A)  classical conditioning relied too heavily on rewards 
B)  classical conditioning was focusing on punishment, and not reinforcement 
C)  operant conditioning illustrated how voluntary behavior could be modified via reinforcement 
D)  operant conditioning illustrated how voluntary behavior was really reflexive behavior

Question 9

Using the situation described in 3.24, the blue light is the:

Accepted Answer

A)  CS+ 
B)  CS- 
C)  US+ 
D)  US-

Question 10

Research on people with PTSD shows that when attempting to classically condition a response in these individuals, their anxiety:

Accepted Answer

A)  inhibits learning 
B)  heightens a learning response 
C)  has no effect on learning ability 
D)  only inhibits learning after prolonged exposure to CSs

Question 11

The concept of prepared learning is central to explaining:

Accepted Answer

A)  CS-US relevance 
B)  the relationship between ΔV and λ in the Rescorla-Wagner model 
C)  blocking 
D)  overshadowing

Question 12

As CS-US pairing trials increase, the value of ΔV in the Rescorla-Wagner model of learning should:

Accepted Answer

A)  increase 
B)  decrease 
C)  remain the same 
D)  the answer cannot be determined from the information provided here

Question 13

After using classical conditioning to train a child to stand whenever a teacher calls their name, the child begins to stand whenever any adults refer to them. What has occurred?

Accepted Answer

A)  generalization 
B)  spontaneous recovery 
C)  extinction 
D)  discrimination

Exam 3: Classical Conditioning