Question 1

Which of the following conclusions stems from work in cross-cultural psychology?

Accepted Answer

A)  evidence of reconstructive memories is limited to Western societies 
B)  education enhances memory ability 
C)  people from different cultures do not develop memory abilities that are distinct from other cultures 
D)  none of the above

Question 2

Females have been found to be better at recognizing faces when compared to males. A possible explanation of this effect involves:

Accepted Answer

A)  the different experiences of men and women 
B)  different interests of men and women 
C)  biological differences between men and women 
D)  all of the above

Question 3

In a 1-room schoolhouse with students of all ages, Mr. Smith notices that some of his students are taking notes about what is being discussed in class, whereas others are not. Which of the following students would be most likely to be one of the students taking notes?

Accepted Answer

A)  Joe, a 5-year-old boy 
B)  Jen, a 6-year-old girl 
C)  Victor, a 9-year-old boy 
D)  Rhonda, a 12-year-old girl

Question 4

An IQ score of 100 is taken as an indicator of normal, or average, intelligence. Which of the following is most indicative of an IQ score of a savant?

Accepted Answer

A)  100 
B)  70 
C)  95 
D)  120

Question 5

Episodic memories can be assessed during infancy by using:

Accepted Answer

A)  classical conditioning 
B)  habituation 
C)  dishabituation 
D)  none of the above

Question 6

Cindy, a 6-year-old, is presented with several random strings of letters to commit to memory. Which of the following strings is she most likely to remember in the correct order?

Accepted Answer

A)  RQY 
B)  BHFZP 
C)  MPLSTGX 
D)  WYZDHLPMT

Question 7

Studying the effects of selective breeding on learning in humans is_______when compared to studying the same effects in lower animals.

Accepted Answer

A)  easier 
B)  the same 
C)  more difficult 
D)  none of the above

Question 8

A possible reason why introverted people are not as sensitive to rewards when compared to extraverts is that:

Accepted Answer

A)  introverts have an inhibited central nervous system that prevents them from learning properly 
B)  the central nervous system of extraverts is so aroused that they are sensitive to everything 
C)  introverts have an overaroused central nervous system that prevents them from learning properly 
D)  introverts are not as intelligent as extraverts

Question 9

Tryon's selective breeding experiments revealed that:

Accepted Answer

A)  one's genetic endowment cannot be manipulated to produce certain characteristics 
B)  manipulating one's genetic endowment produces life-threatening biological mutations 
C)  one's environment plays a stronger role in learning than one's genetics 
D)  one's genetic endowment can be manipulated to produce certain characteristics

Question 10

Which of the following is not associated with Sternberg's approach to learning styles?

Accepted Answer

A)  analytical thinking 
B)  practical thinking 
C)  concrete thinking 
D)  creative thinking

Question 11

Marie has a 23-year-old female patient that is having problems with her spatial memory. Giving this patient an estrogen supplement to boost her memory will likely have what effect on her memory dysfunction?

Accepted Answer

A)  it will eliminate it 
B)  it will make it worse 
C)  it will have no impact

Question 12

A prenatal CS and serve as a post-natal_______in the context of Instrumental Conditioning.

Accepted Answer

A)  CS 
B)  US 
C)  punishment 
D)  reinforcement

Question 13

Which type of cognitive process has not been found to be dysfunctional in learning-disabled individuals?

Accepted Answer

A)  working memory 
B)  implicit learning 
C)  short term memory 
D)  semantic memory

Question 14

Identical twins tend to show similar memory ability on tasks involving:

Accepted Answer

A)  short-term memory 
B)  digit span 
C)  sensory memory 
D)  associative memory

Question 15

Williams Syndrome individuals are__________likely to have a learning disability compared to "normal" individuals.

Accepted Answer

A)  more 
B)  equally 
C)  less 
D)  equally, but only during childhood

Question 16

Which of the following illustrates synesthesia?

Accepted Answer

A)  recalling a string of 67 random digits, in their correct order 
B)  listening to music and seeing musical notes coming from a speaker 
C)  recalling information via eidetic imagery 
D)  none of the above

Question 17

Which of the following best describes how savants come to have their special abilities?

Accepted Answer

A)  they need to practice it for many years 
B)  they are born with it 
C)  they attain it after suffering some type of brain injury 
D)  none of the above--savants do not have any special skills

Question 18

Mental retardation can be caused by:

Accepted Answer

A)  birth defects 
B)  head injury 
C)  malnutrition 
D)  all of the above

Question 19

Lisa and Denise are identical twins, and are having their episodic and semantic memories tested. They are asked questions about American History prior to 1950, as well as about events that occurred to them during their high school and college years. Results of research involving twins would suggest that Lisa and Denise's responses to the semantic and episodic questions will likely:

Accepted Answer

A)  show similar responses on both types of memory tasks 
B)  would be similar on semantic memory yet different on episodic memory education 
C)  would be similar on episodic memory yet different on semantic memory education 
D)  be independent of one another

Question 20

Which individual is likely to show the best classical conditioning ability?

Accepted Answer

A)  a 27-year-old 
B)  a 7-year-old 
C)  a 2-year-old 
D)  a 72-year-old

Exam 12: Individual Differences in Learning and Memory