Question 1

According to Solley and Haigh (1957), as Christmas approaches children tend to draw:

Accepted Answer

A)  Scenes for Christmas cards
B)  More pictures
C)  Santa Claus larger and larger
D)  Pictures of gifts to send to Santa Claus
E)  With fewer signs of intellectual realism C

Question 2

Light and Macintosh (1980) asked children aged 6 and 7 years to draw a glass beaker either with a small model house inside it or behind it. The children:

Accepted Answer

A)  Drew the beaker and house side by side only when the house was presented behind the beaker
B)  Drew the beaker and house side by side only when the house was presented inside the beaker
C)  Drew the beaker but not the house
D)  Drew the house but not the beaker
E)  Complained that the task was too complicated A

Question 3

Several studies suggest that children scale their drawings such that:

Accepted Answer

A)  Attractive subject matter is drawn large and aversive subject matter is drawn small
B)  They fit the page perfectly
C)  They successfully include all the relevant features
D)  Plenty of space remains for further drawing
E)  Paper is not wasted A

Question 4

According to Mitchell et al. (2005), adults' ______ was(were) responsible for systematic errors in their drawings.

Accepted Answer

A)  Lack of training in art
B)  Interpretations of the 3-D properties in the subject matter
C)  Failure to think on the right side of the brain
D)  Misinterpretation of the task
E)  Failure to scrutinize the subject matter

Question 5

Intellectual realism is a term coined by:

Accepted Answer

A)  Bremner
B)  Piaget
C)  Freeman
D)  Luquet
E)  Oscar Wilde

Question 6

Piaget viewed intellectual realism as a symptom of:

Accepted Answer

A)  Formal operational intelligence
B)  Conservation
C)  Assimilation
D)  Equilibration
E)  Egocentrism

Question 7

Figures on the walls of ancient Egyptian tombs are called:

Accepted Answer

A)  Spyrographs
B)  Graphics
C)  Hieroglyphics
D)  Calligraphy
E)  Tomb-raider art

Question 8

At what age do the signs of intellectual realism disappear altogether?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are still present in adulthood
B)  7 years
C)  9 years
D)  11 years
E)  13 years

Question 9

Axia et al. (1998) found that children in different European countries tend to draw their own country:

Accepted Answer

A)  Flamboyantly, with style and flair
B)  In color
C)  Precisely
D)  At the center of the universe
E)  Relatively large

Question 10

Bremner and Moore (1984) demonstrated that whether or not young children included an out-of-view handle in their drawing of the cup depended on their:

Accepted Answer

A)  Motivation to communicate with the experimenter
B)  Graphical skills
C)  Experience of drawing crockery
D)  Capacity for make believe
E)  Knowledge that this was a feature of the subject matter

Question 11

Goodwin (1982) suggests that in cases of incest, abused children are ______ their drawings.

Accepted Answer

A)  Disturbed by
B)  Unable to communicate about aspects of the trauma they suffered through
C)  Successfully able to communicate some aspects of the trauma they suffered through
D)  Developmentally delayed in
E)  Living in a fantasy world through

Question 12

According to Cohen and Bennett (1997), a major cause of systematic errors in adults' drawings is:

Accepted Answer

A)  Misperception of the subject matter
B)  Poor motor control
C)  An inferior education
D)  Genetic factors
E)  Difficulty deciding how to translate form gradations in light and color to a pencil line

Question 13

Light and Simmons (1983) investigated whether young children could adapt their drawing to give a clue to their vantage point. They found that:

Accepted Answer

A)  Children did not understand what they were being asked to do
B)  The ensuing drawings were not informative about vantage point
C)  Children resorted to drawing things that they were practiced at; e.g. the human figure, a house, a car
D)  The ensuing drawings were easily and accurately interpreted by a peer
E)  Children tended to make figurative rather than representational drawings

Question 14

In a quest to find the cause of children's errors in drawing, Sheppard, Ropar, and Mitchell (2005) manipulated two factors: (1) Whether the subject matter had 2-D or 3-D properties, and (2) Whether:

Accepted Answer

A)  The participant did or did not have training in art
B)  The participant was a child or an adult
C)  The participant did or did not have a diagnosis of autism
D)  The subject matter was meaningful or meaningless
E)  The subject matter was a real object or a photograph of an object

Question 15

Crook (1984) asked children to draw a ball that had been skewered with a rod. The results were that:

Accepted Answer

A)  The children refused to draw the ball unless the rod was removed
B)  They drew the rod as a continuous line, even though they could not see the part of it that was inside the ball
C)  They drew the ball but not the rod
D)  They drew the rod but not the ball
E)  They threw the ball

Question 16

What is a da Vinci window?

Accepted Answer

A)  A window in a renaissance cathedral
B)  A light box
C)  A vertical pane of glass on which you can "trace" an object that you can see through the glass
D)  A famous sketch by Leonardo
E)  A kaleidoscope

Question 17

Davis (1983) found that intellectual realism in young children was ______ by their depiction of the relationship between two objects.

Accepted Answer

A)  facilitated
B)  accentuated
C)  encouraged
D)  promoted
E)  tempered

Question 18

Some of children's earliest drawings are of the human figure, known as:

Accepted Answer

A)  Droodles
B)  Santa Claus
C)  Stick men
D)  Playpeople
E)  Tadpole figures

Question 19

The severity of intellectual realism in children's drawings:

Accepted Answer

A)  Increases with increasing age
B)  Diminishes with increasing age
C)  Is not related with the age of the participant
D)  Is widely known to be especially common in those of lower socio-economic status
E)  Is associated with the quality of diet

Question 20

A systematic investigation of intellectual realism involved presenting a cup turned so that the handle was out of view. Children aged around 6 and 7 years tended to include the handle in their drawings, even though they couldn't actually see it. A person associated with that research is:

Accepted Answer

A)  Sheppard
B)  Luquet
C)  Piaget
D)  Freeman
E)  Barrett

Exam 9: Developing an Ability to Draw

According to Solley and Haigh (1957) , as Christmas approaches children tend to draw: