Question 1

Which of the following statements is not accurate?

Accepted Answer

A)   A TIA has similar effects as a stroke but lasts less than 24 hours.
B)   FAST stands for signs to identify a stroke and action to take.
C)   An ischaemic stroke always occurs swiftly.
D)   A haemorrhagic stroke is due to bleeding into the brain. C

Question 2

Which of the following lists is an accurate description of risk factors for the development of atherosclerosis?

Accepted Answer

A)   high incidence in family, hypertension, smoking, regular exercise
B)   hypertension, smoking, obesity, regular exercise
C)   high incidence in family, hypertension, smoking, obesity,
D)   high incidence in family, hypertension, obesity, regular exercise C

Question 3

The Mantoux test is an example of ______.

Accepted Answer

A)   type I hypersensitivity reaction
B)   delayed-type mediated hypersensitivity reaction
C)   immunodeficiency disorder
D)   type II hypersensitivity reaction B

Question 4

Type I hypersensitivity reaction is associated with ______.

Accepted Answer

A)   IgE antibodies
B)   IgM antibodies
C)   CD4 cells
D)   complement

Question 5

Which of the following accurately identifies metabolic changes due to reduced blood flow?

Accepted Answer

A)   reduction in ATP formation, fall in pH occurs, increased lactic acid formation, increased warmth of the tissues
B)   anaerobic metabolism is increased, fall in pH occurs, increased lactic acid formation, increased warmth of the tissues
C)   anaerobic metabolism is increased, increased lactic acid formation, reduction in ATP formation, increased warmth of the tissues
D)   anaerobic metabolism is increased, fall in pH occurs, increased lactic acid formation, reduction in ATP formation

Question 6

Immunodeficiency ______.

Accepted Answer

A)   is the failure to recognise self
B)   stimulates an allergic response
C)   is a blood group reaction
D)   can be acquired

Question 7

An autoimmune disorder is ______.

Accepted Answer

A)   a viral infection
B)   a deficiency of the immune system
C)   a type IV reaction
D)   when the mechanism of self-tolerance is lost

Question 8

ABO blood group incompatibility is an example of ______.

Accepted Answer

A)   allergic reaction
B)   immune complex mediated disorder
C)   type II antibody mediated disorder
D)   autoimmune disorder

Question 9

Which of the following lists is accurate in relation to causes of anaemia?

Accepted Answer

A)   Factors leading to anaemia include: iron deficiency, folic acid or vitamin B12 deficiency, bone marrow dysfunction, too much carbohydrate in the diet.
B)   Factors leading to anaemia include: iron deficiency, folic acid or vitamin B12 deficiency, blood loss, bone marrow dysfunction.
C)   Factors leading to anaemia include: iron deficiency, folic acid or vitamin B12 deficiency, blood loss, too much carbohydrate in the diet.
D)   Factors leading to anaemia include: iron deficiency, blood loss, bone marrow dysfunction, too much carbohydrate in the diet.

Question 10

Which of the following is not an accurate list of causes of hypovolaemic shock?

Accepted Answer

A)   haemorrhage, fluid loss from burns, diabetes insipidus, fluid loss from GI tract (diarrhoea and vomiting) 
B)   haemorrhage, fluid loss from burns, drinking large volumes of fluid, diabetes insipidus,
C)   haemorrhage, fluid loss from burns, drinking large volumes of fluid, fluid loss from GI tract (diarrhoea and vomiting) 
D)   haemorrhage, drinking large volumes of fluid, diabetes insipidus, fluid loss from GI tract (diarrhoea and vomiting)

Exam 4: Disorders of Immunity and Defence ; Disorders of Blood and Blood Supply