Question 1

When two eyes were made to innervate the same tectum in frogs,

Accepted Answer

A)  the two eyes did not project in a topographic manner. 
B)  each eye innervated mutually exclusive stripes of tectum. 
C)  both eyes projected evenly over the entire tectum. 
D)  two separate visual fields, one from each eye, were projected onto each half of the tectum.

Question 2

Refer to the figure.
  The ocular dominance histograms shown illustrate the strength of the response of cortical neurons to stimuli presented to either the left or the right eye in cats that developed normally (A), cats with one eye closed during development (B), and cats with both eyes closed during development (C). What happens to cortical neurons when one eye is closed during development? Why does binocular deprivation result in ocular dominance patterns similar to that in a cat with normal vision?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Refer to the figure.
  The ocular...

Question 3

How does the olfactory system of adult mice differ from that of newborn mice? What process drives this difference?

Accepted Answer

The answer of How does the olfactory system of adult...

Question 4

If owlets are fitted with prisms that shift the visual field by 10°, auditory localization will

Accepted Answer

A)  be processed by neurons separate from visual neurons. 
B)  not be functional. 
C)  be shifted by 10° on the tectal map to match the visual shift. 
D)  be unaffected.

Question 5

Temporary monocular deprivation in the right eye of an 8-month-old cat will result in most visual cortical cells responding

Accepted Answer

A)  to both eyes in adulthood. 
B)  only to the left eye in adulthood. 
C)  only to the right eye in adulthood. 
D)  only to one eye or the other.

Question 6

What are three influences on the development of retinotectal projections in amphibians?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What are three influences on the development...

Question 7

In owls, what is the relationship between neurons that respond to visual cues and neurons that respond to auditory cues? How does this arrangement affect owl behavior?

Accepted Answer

The answer of In owls, what is the relationship between...

Question 8

In the visual system of both prey and predator species,

Accepted Answer

A)  half of the axons in each optic nerve cross the midline. 
B)  visual input from the left eye projects to the right side of the brain. 
C)  visual input from the left visual field projects to the right side of the brain. 
D)  there is very little overlap in the visual fields of the two eyes.

Question 9

Refer to the figure.
  In the normal amphibian, the topographical projection from the eye to the tectum is mapped onto the tectum in such a way that the projection of the visual field is rotated 90° (A). If the optic nerve is cut, and the eye rotated 180°, the projection of the visual field is mapped onto the tectum as shown in (B). What does this result suggest about how the optic nerve regenerates its retina-tectum connections? What would this mean for the amphibian's behavior after the optic nerve regenerates?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Refer to the figure.
  In the...

Question 10

If half of a frog's retina is lesioned when the optic nerve is cut, the projections from the remaining retinal neurons will innervate _______ to produce a(n) _______ projection on the tectum.

Accepted Answer

A)  the entire tectum; expanded 
B)  only their original part of the tectum; expanded 
C)  the entire tectum; compressed 
D)  only their original part of the tectum; compressed

Question 11

When wearing prism glasses, the human brain can compensate for reversed vision by

Accepted Answer

A)  chemoaffinity in the retina. 
B)  changing connections from the eye to the brain. 
C)  changing neuronal connections in the visual cortex. 
D)  adaptation of brain regions that interpret vision.

Question 12

Mice can detect more odors than humans because they have

Accepted Answer

A)  more olfactory receptor genes. 
B)  more functional olfactory receptor proteins. 
C)  larger olfactory epithelia. 
D)  olfactory glomeruli that project directly to the cortex.

Question 13

Closing the nostril openings of a newborn mouse results in more olfactory sensory neurons that

Accepted Answer

A)  express more than one olfactory receptor gene. 
B)  cannot detect odor. 
C)  express only one olfactory receptor gene. 
D)  undergo apoptosis.

Question 14

If visual input is reversed, humans learn to behave normally, but amphibians continue to show misdirected behavior toward visual cues, suggesting that

Accepted Answer

A)  amphibians use higher brain centers to adjust behavior to fit visual input. 
B)  humans use higher brain centers to adjust behavior to fit visual input. 
C)  amphibians cannot regenerate optic nerve damage. 
D)  humans can regenerate optic nerve damage.

Question 15

Inducing strabismus in the right eye of an 8-week-old cat will result in most visual cortical cells responding

Accepted Answer