Question 1

Which of these cultures had aniconic traditions?

Accepted Answer

A)   Egyptian
B)   Nabataean
C)   Phoenician
D)   all of the above D

Question 2

What did Foucault mean by his term discipline mechanism?

Accepted Answer

Michel Foucault, a French philosopher and social theorist, introduced the concept of "discipline mechanisms" in his work, particularly in his book "Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison" (1975). By "discipline mechanism," Foucault refers to the various methods and strategies developed and used by societies to manage, control, and regulate the behaviors of individuals to conform to social norms, expectations, and rules.

Foucault's analysis of discipline mechanisms is part of his broader examination of power and how it operates within society. He argues that power is not just something that is held by a few individuals or institutions but is diffused throughout society and is exercised through a network of relations. Discipline mechanisms are one of the ways in which this power is exercised.

These mechanisms include:

1. Surveillance: The constant observation of individuals, often through subtle and unseen means, to ensure that they are conforming to expected behaviors. The panopticon, a type of institutional building designed to allow a single watchman to observe all inmates without them being able to tell whether they are being watched, is a central metaphor that Foucault uses to discuss the power of surveillance.

2. Normalization: The establishment of norms and standards against which individuals are measured. Those who conform to these norms are considered "normal," while those who do not are seen as deviant and may be subject to correction or punishment.

3. Examination: The use of tests, inspections, and other forms of assessment to monitor and evaluate individuals, often leading to the creation of detailed records and files. This process objectifies and categorizes individuals, making it easier to control them.

4. Sanction and reward: Systems of punishment and reward that reinforce the expectations of the discipline mechanism. Punishments are meted out for non-conformity, while rewards are given for compliance.

5. Training and correction: The use of educational and corrective programs to train individuals to behave in the desired manner. This can include formal education, military training, or rehabilitation programs.

Foucault's concept of discipline mechanisms is a critical analysis of how modern societies create docile bodies—individuals who are both efficient and obedient. He argues that these mechanisms are pervasive and insidious, functioning in various institutions such as schools, hospitals, military, and prisons, and are instrumental in the creation of what he calls "disciplinary societies."

In summary, Foucault's term "discipline mechanism" refers to the various methods by which social order is maintained through the regulation, surveillance, and control of individuals, ensuring their compliance with societal norms and the smooth functioning of power relations within society.

Question 3

Jeremy Bentham's "model prison," which allowed for surveillance of all prisoners from a central inspection house, is better known as ______________.

Accepted Answer

A)   sousveillance
B)   panopticon
C)   parveillance
D)   synopticon B

Question 4

In neogeography, the virtual boundaries drawn on real-life geography is articulated by ____________.

Accepted Answer

A)   property lines as defined by cities
B)   3-D scans of mountain ranges
C)   voting registration maps
D)   geo-fences

Question 5

Which term best describes counter-visuality, or the observation of institutions of authority by citizens?

Accepted Answer

A)   sousveillance
B)   equiveillance
C)   synopticon
D)   panopticon

Question 6

Surveillance has entirely changed in the half-century since it was first defined for the humanities by _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Surveillance has entirely changed in the half-century...

Question 7

During World War II, images of war were mostly censored by _________________.

Accepted Answer

A)   media outlets
B)   the government
C)   individuals and communities
D)   there was no censorship of war imagery in the 1940's

Question 8

Coined by Steve Mann, _______ is the observation of one person by another with no differences in power between the two individuals.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Coined by Steve Mann, _______ is the...

Question 9

_______ is the destruction of images to prevent their worship.

Accepted Answer

The answer of _______ is the destruction of images to...

Question 10

All iconoclasts can be considered to be iconophobes.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

How were the Illustrated Technical Dictionaries different from any other encyclopedic project that came before?

Accepted Answer

The answer of How were the Illustrated Technical Dictionaries different...

Question 12

_______is the worship of images.

Accepted Answer

The answer of _______is the worship of images....

Question 13

Which two words are shared in rhetoric that were applied to both Google Earth discoveries and Wunderkammer ?

Accepted Answer

A)   bizarre and amazing
B)   odd and repulsive
C)   crazy and cooky
D)   none of the above are applicable to either topic

Question 14

What are some possible reasons for censoring images from the tools of neogeography?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What are some possible reasons for censoring...

Question 15

In 1927, Aby Warburg began a project called _______ which was an image atlas with no texts or captions.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In 1927, Aby Warburg began a project...

Question 16

The seventeen-volume _______ is a modern example of imagery's capacity to avoid systematic administration.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The seventeen-volume _______ is a modern example...

Question 17

Devices that provide information about geographic location are often referred to as _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Devices that provide information about geographic location...

Question 18

Wunderkammern are considered to be the predecessor of modern _______ .

Accepted Answer

The answer of Wunderkammern are considered to be the predecessor...

Question 19

Within Islam there has been a long history of representations of Muhammad, though he is usually _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Within Islam there has been a long...

Question 20

How does Google's "search by image" function differ from all other ways of assembling encyclopedic volumes of images? What are some of the benefits and disadvantages of using this tool for research?

Accepted Answer

The answer of How does Google's "search by image" function...

Exam 5: Handling Images