Question 1

It is important for computational theorists to develop algorithms that derive 3-D shape representations from moving 2-D images because:

Accepted Answer

A)  the images on our retinas are 2-D 
B)  the shape-from-motion cue is the only cue we use in shape perception 
C)  neurophysiological research does not support our ability to extract shape from motion 
D)  all of the above

Question 2

Which of the following was a problem in Cattell's (1886) study on the word-superiority effect that was fixed in Reicher and Wheeler's (1970) study?

Accepted Answer

A)  Observers had memory limitations in reporting what they saw. 
B)  Observers could use a guessing strategy in some conditions. 
C)  Observers were not tested in their native language. 
D)  both A and B

Question 3

The Gestalt principle that states that we tend to perceive figures as good, simple, and stable is the:

Accepted Answer

A)  law of good continuation 
B)  law of Prägnanz 
C)  law of closure 
D)  law of common fate

Question 4

In looking at the figure below, we tend to see it as a complete heart.
-This demonstrates the:

Accepted Answer

A)  law of proximity 
B)  law of similarity 
C)  law of good continuation 
D)  law of closure

Question 5

When we perceive a shape, our perception is influenced by our prior knowledge and expectations. This illustrates the importance of __________________ processing.

Accepted Answer

A)  top-down 
B)  bottom-up 
C)  serial 
D)  parallel

Question 6

Which of the following statements regarding Palmer's studies on the role of context in object perception is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  With short presentations, the role of context was found to be great. 
B)  With longer presentations, accuracy was high even for objects presented in an inappropriate context. 
C)  Having no context at all led to the lowest accuracy. 
D)  Accuracy was greatest when the object to be identified was context-appropriate.

Question 7

In looking at the Kanizsa triangle, people report seeing a white triangle against a background of three dark circles. These edges of the triangle that are perceived but not physically present are called:

Accepted Answer

A)  geons 
B)  illusory contours 
C)  illusory conjunctions 
D)  templates

Question 8

When looking for the letter "Q" among a group of "O"s, you use __________________ processing. When looking for the letter "P" among a group of "R"s, you use __________________ processing.

Accepted Answer

A)  preattentive; preattentive 
B)  preattentive; focused 
C)  focused; preattentive 
D)  focused; focused

Question 9

When two areas share a common boundary, the area that has a distinct shape, clearly defined edges, and is closer to the viewer is the:

Accepted Answer

A)  ground 
B)  illusion 
C)  geon 
D)  figure

Question 10

Which of the following statements about face perception is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A)  We are good at recognizing faces when they are blurred but have difficulty identifying inverted faces. 
B)  We are good at identifying inverted faces but have difficulty recognizing faces when they are blurred. 
C)  We are good at recognizing faces when they are blurred as well as when they are inverted. 
D)  We have difficulty recognizing faces when they are blurred as well as when they are inverted.

Question 11

When we analyze data from the sensory receptors, we use __________________ processing.

Accepted Answer

A)  top-down 
B)  top-up 
C)  bottom-down 
D)  bottom-up

Question 12

The law of grouping that states that when elements move in the same direction, we tend to see them as a unit is the:

Accepted Answer

A)  law of similarity 
B)  law of good continuation 
C)  law of common fate 
D)  law of proximity

Question 13

The feature-integration approach emphasizes the importance of:

Accepted Answer

A)  motion 
B)  edges 
C)  figure-ground relationships 
D)  attention

Question 14

Research suggests that perception relies on:

Accepted Answer

A)  holistic orientation but not analytical orientation 
B)  uniform orientation but not distributed orientation 
C)  distributed orientation but not holistic orientation 
D)  both analytical orientation and holistic orientation

Question 15

The 2.5-D sketch is not as complete as the 3-D sketch in that it:

Accepted Answer

A)  is formed from information received from only one eye. 
B)  does not incorporate information derived from motion. 
C)  is not effective for recognizing an object from different perspectives. 
D)  is only a two-dimensional representation.

Question 16

In the recognition-by-components approach, basic shapes called __________________ are processed.

Accepted Answer

A)  templates 
B)  prototypes 
C)  geons 
D)  figures

Question 17

Combining sine waves to represent the pattern in the stimulus is called:

Accepted Answer

A)  Fourier analysis 
B)  Fourier transform 
C)  Fourier summary 
D)  Fourier synthesis

Exam 5: Visual Pattern Perception