Question 1

Infants learn to use the stress pattern of their native language to segment the speech stream by the time they are:

Accepted Answer

A)  born 
B)  3 weeks old 
C)  3 months old 
D)  9 months old

Question 2

Newborns prefer the sound of:

Accepted Answer

A)  a constant sound to a heartbeat 
B)  a foreign language to their native language 
C)  a fluid-transmitted version of their mother's voice to an air- transmitted version of it 
D)  both B and C

Question 3

Which of the following methods is NOT used to explore infants' perceptual capacities?

Accepted Answer

A)  magnitude estimation 
B)  preference 
C)  conditioning 
D)  habituation

Question 4

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A)  Classical conditioning and operant conditioning are both used to study infant perception. 
B)  Classical conditioning is used to study infant perception but operant conditioning is not. 
C)  Operant conditioning is used to study infant perception but classical conditioning is not. 
D)  Classical conditioning and operant conditioning are not used to study infant perception.

Question 5

Which of the patients below most likely has presbycusis?

Accepted Answer

A)  George, who has difficulty hearing his grandchildren playing at his 70th birthday party. 
B)  Kyle, a young child who experiences severe pain in his left ear. 
C)  Ryan, who has had difficulty hearing ever since his bad fall while waterskiing. 
D)  Cameron, who reports a slight but constant ringing in his ears.

Question 6

A researcher is interested in studying whether a 2-month old infant can tell the difference between the colors red and blue. He places two identical bears, one red and one blue, in a looking chamber and records the percentage of time that the infant looks at each bear. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

A)  magnitude estimation 
B)  the preference method 
C)  habituation 
D)  operant conditioning

Question 7

An experiment is conducted to determine whether a 3-month old Japanese infant can detect differences between the phonemes /r/ and /l/.
-Then, the experimenter plays the sound /l/ over the speakers and finds that the infant's sucking rate increases again. This is an example of __________________ and shows that the 3-month old Japanese infant

Accepted Answer

A)  habituation; can detect the difference between /r/ and /l/ 
B)  habituation; cannot detect the difference between /r/ and /l/ 
C)  dishabituation; can detect the difference between /r/ and /l/ 
D)  dishabituation; cannot detect the difference between /r/ and /l/

Question 8

Both acuity and contrast sensitivity are roughly at adult levels:

Accepted Answer

A)  at birth 
B)  by 1 month of age 
C)  by 1 year of age 
D)  by 6 years of age

Question 9

Infants lose the ability to make non-native contrasts by the time they are:

Accepted Answer

A)  1 month old 
B)  6 months old 
C)  1 year old 
D)  6 years old

Question 10

The retina becomes fully developed by about __________________ of age.

Accepted Answer

A)  1 month 
B)  6 months 
C)  1 year 
D)  6 years

Question 11

Infants are able to imitate adult facial expressions (such as sticking out the tongue) by the time they are:

Accepted Answer

A)  30 minutes old 
B)  3 days old 
C)  3 months old 
D)  3 years old

Question 12

The preference method is based on:

Accepted Answer

A)  the idea that if a baby pays less attention to an object that has been presented several times, it demonstrates that he or she remembers 
 the object 
B)  the idea that if an infant spends consistently longer actively looking at one figure rather than another, the infant must be able to discriminate between the two figures 
C)  the idea that an infant will exhibit an unconditioned response without training when an experimenter exposes the baby repeatedly to a conditioned and unconditioned stimulus 
D)  both A and B

Question 13

One benefit of using ERP, fMRI, and measures of heart rate to study infant perception is that:

Accepted Answer

A)  they allow us to measure the psychological underpinnings of a perceptual experience. 
B)  they require no overt response from the infant. 
C)  they are more easily interpreted than behavioral methods. 
D)  all of the above

Question 14

Goren and her colleagues found that face perception is seen in infants who are as young as:

Accepted Answer

A)  9 minutes old 
B)  1 day old 
C)  9 days old 
D)  9 months old

Question 15

Held and Hein's work on the development of depth perception in kittens raised in darkness suggests that: (p. 380)

Accepted Answer

A)  depth perception can develop fully even without visual stimuli or any engagement with the environment. 
B)  depth perception can develop fully as long as there is passive engagement with the environment. 
C)  depth perception can develop fully as long as there is active engagement with the environment. 
D)  even with active engagement, depth perception cannot fully develop without visual stimulation.

Question 16

Which of the following statements about acuity in elderly people is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  Acuity is particularly bad when objects are moving. 
B)  Acuity is particularly bad when lighting is dim. 
C)  Acuity is particularly bad when the contrast is high. 
D)  Acuity is particularly bad when the objects are in the periphery.

Question 17

A researcher is interested in whether color perception abilities decline with age. An experiment is conducted in which college students and older adults are asked to
 discriminate between various color patches. The researcher finds that the college
 students perform better than the older adults, but is worried that the effect is not due to age, but rather, to the types of medications that the older adults are taking. In this experiment, medication usage is:

Accepted Answer

A)  a grouping variable 
B)  an extraneous variable 
C)  a confounding variable 
D)  a co-dependent variable

Question 18

Which of the following is the typical treatment option for a person with presbyopia?

Accepted Answer

A)  surgery on the retinal ganglion cells 
B)  prescription bifocals 
C)  replacement of the lens with a synthetic one 
D)  there is currently no treatment

Question 19

Color vision in the elderly:

Accepted Answer

A)  decreases, especially in the black-white opponent system. 
B)  decreases, especially in the yellow-blue opponent system. 
C)  decreases, especially in the red-green opponent system. 
D)  does not suffer compared to younger adults.

Question 20

Stress, intonation, and rhythm are examples of:

Accepted Answer

A)  semantic cues 
B)  prosodic cues 
C)  syntactic cues 
D)  phonetic cues

Exam 14: Perceptual Development