Question 1

The logic and progression of primary to secondary to tertiary injunctions need not be clear or true; each injunction is independent of the other and a flaw in one injunction's logic does not invalidate the logic in the previous injunction.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 2

Second order change refers to

Accepted Answer

A)   reducing symptoms
B)   resolving fringe issues
C)   a permanent shift in the underlying system
D)   changes that support or encourage first order change C

Question 3

Lambert and Barley (2002) identified a variety of common factors associated with "effective therapy". These factors are:

Accepted Answer

A)   Empathy, encouragement of risk taking, acceptance
B)   Warmth and acceptance
C)   Warmth, acceptance, empathy, and encouragement of risk taking
D)   Warmth, rapport, acceptance, and empathy C

Question 4

A "primary injunction' involves some kind of restriction or demand that threatens punishment if an individual does not comply.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Self-improvement in the Socratic method involves an understanding in the interaction between ___________, ___________, and ___________.

Accepted Answer

A)   self- knowledge, self-love, self- acceptance
B)   intitiative, self-knowledge, patience
C)   self-knowledge, self-acceptance, self-regulation
D)   patience, self-regulation, self-love

Question 6

Socratic questioning involves the use of a ________________, designed to facilitate ______________ in clients.

Accepted Answer

A)   graded series of questions; conformity to the therapist's goals for treatment
B)   graded series of questions; independent thinking
C)   low-balling technique; cognitive shifts
D)   philosophical perspective; prosocial goals

Question 7

Inductive reasoning is defined as an argument that uses

Accepted Answer

A)   ex post facto evidence to provide an exposition and explanation of the conclusion.
B)   the truth of the premises to prove the truth of the conclusion.
C)   the premises to supply strong evidence for, but not absolute proof of, the conclusion.
D)   non-linear inference of potential facts to conclusively prove a conclusion.

Question 8

Deductive reasoning is defined as an argument that uses

Accepted Answer

A)   conclusions to give information regarding the premises.
B)   the truth of the premises to prove the truth of the conclusion.
C)   the premises to supply strong evidence for, but not absolute proof of, the conclusion.
D)   the simplest explanation as the most likely valid one.

Question 9

Olson (1972) made three observations about clients entangled in double binds that shed light on why they may feel ambivalent about getting the help that they need to resolve the problems for which they have sought treatment. Which of the following is not one of these explanatory observations?

Accepted Answer

A)   The more dependent the relationship in which double binds exists, the more resistance a client feels towards clarifying the confusing communication from their "superior."
B)   Before anyone can truly improve a relationship, they must be willing to risk losing it, and clients in double bind relationships are often resistant to doing so.
C)   Relationships that are in the greatest need for change are the ones that will resist change the most.
D)   Clients in a double-bind relationship often are habituated to the environment and feel comfortable maintaining the confusing status-quo, as positive change is frightening for them.

Question 10

Which of the following is not a characteristic of a double bind?

Accepted Answer

A)   Two people are involved - a recipient of the double bind, and a superior person imposing it.
B)   The relationship with the "superior" must have some emotional intensity or importance to the "victim," to the point where they are afraid of damaging the relationship by not complying with the "superior" individual's wishes.
C)   The "superior" demonstrates a consistent propensity for domineering and angry behavior.
D)   The experience of the double bind is a repeated, or reoccurring theme in the life of the "victim."

Question 11

The goal of Socratic Questioning is to get an individual to see things from your perspective

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

First order change refers to

Accepted Answer

A)   reducing symptoms
B)   resolving surface issues
C)   resolving the presenting problem
D)   a and b

Question 13

Secondary gains represent

Accepted Answer

A)   interpersonal or social advantages or actual financial compensations that are derived indirectly from symptomatic behavior.
B)   additional benefits, aside from the obvious attention factor that one receives from symptomatic behavior.
C)   advantages gained by others when an individual experiences symptomatic behavior.
D)   the positive changes one experiences aside from their initial goals when in therapy.

Question 14

In a "secondary injunction," individuals are explicitly, verbally told that the relationship with their "superior" will be damaged if the demands are not met.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

In a "tertiary injunction," individuals are made to feel a sense of guilt and it is implied that they are either in "the wrong" or somehow the cause of the problem situation.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

One of the benefits of engaging in deliberate practice towards clinical mastery is an interesting cognitive byproduct, namely, _____________.

Accepted Answer

A)   creativity
B)   perceptiveness
C)   wisdom
D)   self-acceptance

Exam 1: Overview of the State of Psychotherapy and the Domains of Competence

The logic and progression of primary to secondary to tertiary injunctions need not be clear or true; each injunction is independent of the other and a flaw in one injunction's logic does not invalidate the logic in the previous injunction.

Second order change refers to

Lambert and Barley (2002) identified a variety of common factors associated with "effective therapy". These factors are:

A "primary injunction' involves some kind of restriction or demand that threatens punishment if an individual does not comply.

Self-improvement in the Socratic method involves an understanding in the interaction between _____, _, and _______.

Socratic questioning involves the use of a __, designed to facilitate in clients.

Inductive reasoning is defined as an argument that uses

Deductive reasoning is defined as an argument that uses

Olson (1972) made three observations about clients entangled in double binds that shed light on why they may feel ambivalent about getting the help that they need to resolve the problems for which they have sought treatment. Which of the following is not one of these explanatory observations?

Which of the following is not a characteristic of a double bind?

The goal of Socratic Questioning is to get an individual to see things from your perspective

First order change refers to

Secondary gains represent

In a "secondary injunction," individuals are explicitly, verbally told that the relationship with their "superior" will be damaged if the demands are not met.

In a "tertiary injunction," individuals are made to feel a sense of guilt and it is implied that they are either in "the wrong" or somehow the cause of the problem situation.

One of the benefits of engaging in deliberate practice towards clinical mastery is an interesting cognitive byproduct, namely, _____________.