Question 1

Ethical guidelines from the British Psychological Society are focused around four key areas. These are:

Accepted Answer

A)  Competence, integrity, debriefing and informed consent
B)  Competence, respect, fairness and withdrawal
C)  Integrity, consequences, kindness and freedom from harm
D)  Respect, integrity, speed and motive
E)  Respect, integrity, competence and responsibility E

Question 2

Two key early cognitive psychologists investigated memory and language. Their names were:

Accepted Answer

A)  Thigpen and Cleckley
B)  Maguire and Miller
C)  Chomsky and Freud
D)  Chomsky and Miller
E)  Chomskov and Milling D

Question 3

Mapping functions onto the physical structure of the brain:

Accepted Answer

A)  Has only been achieved on animal brains
B)  Has not produced any successful localisation of function
C)  Has not been attempted
D)  Has not been fully successful because some functions do not seem to sit in one site
E)  Has been completed D

Question 4

Thigpen and Cleckley's study of Eve could also be said to contain aspects of developmental psychology because:

Accepted Answer

A)  It considered aspects of her childhood in the progression of the disorder
B)  It was a case study
C)  It includes a discussion of how other people affected her disorder
D)  It generated qualitative data
E)  It was not very reliable

Question 5

The 'talking cure' aims to:

Accepted Answer

A)  To talk about issues that are troubling you with the goal of writing them down
B)  Release bottled-up emotions and allow the individual to deal with them
C)  Help keep unwanted emotions under control
D)  Address problems by changing behaviours
E)  Resolve personal problems without needing to see a medical doctor

Question 6

Looking at the case studies of Genie and David Reimer, which one ethical problem did NOT apply?

Accepted Answer

A)  The participants did not have adequate opportunity to withdraw from the research
B)  Fully informed consent was not supplied by either participant
C)  Concern for psychological research could be said to have outweighed the participants' welfare
D)  The participants went through their experiences just for the sake of the research
E)  The researchers arguably did not follow through with adequate ongoing care

Question 7

Broca's area of the brain appears to be responsible for:

Accepted Answer

A)  Memory
B)  Language
C)  Appetite
D)  Aggression
E)  Sex drive

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT true of the psychodynamic perspective?

Accepted Answer

A)  It believes that all dreams are meaningful
B)  It focuses on the influence of the unconscious mind
C)  It suggests that inner conflicts of the mind form the basis of our behaviour
D)  It is based on the ideas of Sigmund Freud
E)  It focuses on the things our parents choose to teach us during childhood

Question 9

Griffiths' study of gambling could be said to include aspects of cognitive psychology because:

Accepted Answer

A)  The researcher investigated how gamblers learned their behaviours
B)  It is ethically sound
C)  The participants were already gamblers or non-gamblers
D)  It generated quantitative data
E)  It looks at gamblers' thought processes

Question 10

Groupthink' has been described by social psychologists as:

Accepted Answer

A)  Changing our opinions to match what we believe others in a group are thinking
B)  A social group holding the same beliefs
C)  The fact that we do our most productive thinking in a group
D)  Holding the same opinions as the dominant group in a society
E)  Refusing to hold the majority view on a topic

Question 11

Many psychologists like to gather quantitative data because:

Accepted Answer

A)  It gives a rich picture of the field being studied
B)  It lends itself to analysis and comparison
C)  It is very easy to collect
D)  They can gain large amounts of data quickly
E)  Participants prefer to take part in studies with quantitative measures

Question 12

Which of these is an example of qualitative data?

Accepted Answer

A)  Milgram's participants' comments whilst shocking the 'learner'
B)  Number of aggressive behaviours shown by Bandura's participants
C)  Errors shown in conservation by Samuel and Bryant's participants
D)  The total count of symbols learned by Kanzi
E)  VBM and pixels in Maguire's methodology

Question 13

Which of these is an example of quantitative data?

Accepted Answer

A)  Thigpen and Cleckley's notes about Eve Black's character
B)  Little Hans' father's letters to Freud
C)  Participants' answers to open-ended questions asking them how they feel on a Monday morning
D)  Boredom signals in participants watching a video, counted by a researcher
E)  Participants' descriptions of what it feels like to be bored

Question 14

The cognitive approach aims to understand the human mind through comparisons with:

Accepted Answer

A)  Biological processes in nature
B)  Humans in the past
C)  Machines
D)  Animals
E)  Other humans

Question 15

Studies taking a 'stage' approach to developmental psychology include:

Accepted Answer

A)  Piaget and Bandura
B)  Piaget and Freud
C)  Bandura and Freud
D)  Baron-Cohen and Freud
E)  Freud and Savage-Rumbaugh

Question 16

Attrition can be a problem in longitudinal studies. This means:

Accepted Answer

A)  Participants enjoy it more the longer they are involved in the research
B)  Participants drop out over time
C)  The experimenters develop new research ideas
D)  The materials and equipment get lost over the time of the research
E)  Participants start to realise what the study is about and change their behaviour

Question 17

Skinner was responsible for developing the idea of:

Accepted Answer

A)  Operational conditioning
B)  Behavioural measurement
C)  Operant conditioning
D)  Classical conditioning
E)  Operationalisation

Question 18

Galton is a key psychologist credited with inventing:

Accepted Answer

A)  Hazard perception tests, null hypotheses and frequency tables
B)  Mazes for rats, case studies and the line graph
C)  A mental-testing laboratory, twin studies and the scattergraph
D)  Laboratory assistants, the EEG and the bar chart
E)  The IQ test, foetus scanning and pie charts

Question 19

An example of a formula for calculating IQ is:

Accepted Answer

A)  Years in education / mental age x 100
B)  Mental age / chronological age x 100
C)  Mental age / shoe size x 100
D)  Mental age / chronological age x 200
E)  Chronological age / 100 x years in education

Question 20

Freud's study of Little Hans may well turn out differently if repeated with a different child participant. This means it is lacking in:

Accepted Answer

A)  Accuracy
B)  Generalisability
C)  Ecological validity
D)  Reliability
E)  Validity

Exam 7: Approaches, Perspectives, Issues and Methods