Question 1

Behaviorists dispatch the inverted-spectrum problem by claiming

Accepted Answer

A)  inverted-spectrum people are a mere anomaly. 
B)  inverted-spectrum people display their inversion through behavior. 
C)  inverted-spectrum people are impossible. 
D)  there is no evidence inverted-spectrum people exist.

Question 2

Functionalism attempted to avoid the problems of behaviorism by accounting for, in addition to behavior,

Accepted Answer

A)  other mental state terms, like "believes," "wants," and so on. 
B)  the fundamental difference between brain states and mental states. 
C)  the fundamental identity between brain states and mental states. 
D)  the dependency of mental states on brain states.

Question 3

A person's mental state is conscious when

Accepted Answer

A)  he can detect the state by introspection. 
B)  that mental state occurs within a living being. 
C)  his brain waves are detectable with an EEG. 
D)  All of the above

Question 4

Which of the following claims is at the core of philosophical behaviorism?

Accepted Answer

A)  Although there are two fundamental substances (mental and physical), they can both be observed and verified. 
B)  Although there are two fundamental substances (mental and physical), only the physical aspect can be observed and verified. 
C)  the meaning of sentences attributing mental states to an individual can be analyzed into a set of sentences about (i) how the individual would behave and (ii) what the individual would experience under a variety of circumstances. 
D)  The meaning of sentences attributing mental states to an individual can be analyzed into a set of sentences about how the individual would behave under a variety of circumstances.

Question 5

__________ proposed a memorably disparaging epithet for the dualist view, whereby the mind is a "ghost in the machine"

Accepted Answer

A)  Gilbert Ryle 
B)  Princess Elisabeth of Bohemia 
C)  René Descartes 
D)  John Locke

Question 6

Verificationism holds that a declarative sentence is literally meaningful if and only if it is

Accepted Answer

A)  true. 
B)  unambiguous. 
C)  either true or false. 
D)  either true or false or unambiguous.

Question 7

Functionalist maintains that pain is anything that plays the pain-role in a complex causal system that captures our widely shared, common-sense beliefs about

Accepted Answer

A)  pain. 
B)  pain and other mental states. 
C)  pain, other mental states, and environmental stimuli. 
D)  pain, other mental states, environmental stimuli, and behavior.

Question 8

Explain the concept of pain from the point of view of a behaviorist. What objections can be raised against this approach to pain and other similar experiences?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Explain the concept of pain from the...

Question 9

__________ has criticized functionalism for being mere "folk psychology."

Accepted Answer

A)  Gilbert Ryle 
B)  Daniel Dennett 
C)  Hilary Putnam 
D)  Paul Churchland

Question 10

Functionalists believe that a mental state can be entirely characterized by describing

Accepted Answer

A)  its characteristic causes. 
B)  what effects it has on other mental states. 
C)  what behaviors it can produce on its own or when combined with other mental states. 
D)  All of the above

Question 11

Explain eliminativism and psycho-functionalism, focusing on their relation to folk psychology.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Explain eliminativism and psycho-functionalism, focusing on their...

Question 12

Besides the physical properties studied by physics, panpsychism holds that ordinary matter also has

Accepted Answer

A)  mystical, unknowable properties. 
B)  a primitive form of consciousness. 
C)  a highly advanced form of pure mind. 
D)  All of the above

Question 13

__________ objected to substance dualism by wondering how-if minds and matter are totally different kinds of things (i.e., metaphysically distinct substances)-it is possible for them to causally interact with one another.

Accepted Answer

A)  Gilbert Ryle 
B)  Princess Elisabeth of Bohemia 
C)  René Descartes 
D)  John Locke

Question 14

Which of the following is the behaviorists' answer to whether other people have mental states?

Accepted Answer

A)  Yes, since they experience pretty much the same things as you experience. 
B)  Yes, since they have pretty much the same behavioral dispositions that you have. 
C)  No, since we can have no idea whether they experience the same things as you experience. 
D)  It's impossible to know, since we can have no idea whether they experience the same things as you experience.

Question 15

The behaviorist's answer to how mental states and processes are related to physical, biological, and behavioral phenomena is that mental states and processes are

Accepted Answer

A)  behavioral dispositions. 
B)  equivalent to behaviors themselves. 
C)  mere epiphenomena. 
D)  emergent properties arising from the physical.

Question 16

For a functionalist, if a creature has a physical and chemical composition very different from ours,

Accepted Answer

A)  it is impossible for it to have mental states. 
B)  it is impossible for it to have mental states like ours. 
C)  it is no obstacle at all for it to having mental states, just not like ours. 
D)  is no obstacle at all for it to have mental states like ours.

Question 17

The mind-body problem is relevant to

Accepted Answer

A)  all animals. 
B)  only mammals. 
C)  only higher mammals. 
D)  only human beings.

Question 18

What is/are the central question(s) in the part of philosophy of mind often called the "problem of other minds"?

Accepted Answer

A)  Do other people (and things like robots or fish) have mental states? 
B)  Are other people's (things') mental states similar to yours? 
C)  How can we know whether other people (things) have mental states and whether they are similar to yours? 
D)  All of the above

Question 19

If verificationism is true, then

Accepted Answer

A)  dualism must be verified, before being accepted. 
B)  dualism must also be true. 
C)  dualism must be false. 
D)  we have no way of knowing whether dualism is true or false.

Question 20

Regarding the causal interaction between the mind and body, Descartes held that the

Accepted Answer

A)  mind could causally affect the body. 
B)  body could causally affect the mind. 
C)  body could causally affect the mind, and the mind could causally affect the body. 
D)  neither the mind nor the body could causally affect the other.

Exam 10: How Is Your Mind Related to Your Body?