Question 1

Describe the differences between the following views, noting their various strengths and weaknesses: (i) descriptive cultural relativism, (ii) agent relativism, and (iii) speaker relativism.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe the differences between the following views,...

Question 2

__________ argued, "We must have more to go on in the moral life than our own human faculties. In particular, the possibility of success in the moral life requires something which enables us to get out of skepticism. The Christian God has such a function."

Accepted Answer

A)  Thomas Aquinas 
B)  John Calvin 
C)  Linda Zagzebski 
D)  A. J. Ayer

Question 3

According to emotivism, "stealing is wrong" means more or less the same as

Accepted Answer

A)  thou shalt not steal. 
B)  stealing is wrong to me. 
C)  stealing is wrong in my culture. 
D)  "boo to stealing!"

Question 4

Expressivism attempts to solve simple subjectivism's inability to give a plausible account of moral discussion and disagreement by arguing that when they give arguments for their views, they are

Accepted Answer

A)  attempting to shame each other into doing the right thing. 
B)  attempting to coerce each other into doing the right thing. 
C)  attempting to modify each other's emotional responses. 
D)  merely asserting their own emotional responses.

Question 5

Divine command theory suffers from which of the following weaknesses?

Accepted Answer

A)  We are committed to following God's commands, even when they are capricious and malevolent. 
B)  Right and wrong are only "in principle" knowable. 
C)  God's dead (Nietzsche has informed us). 
D)  All of the above

Question 6

The Divine command theory holds that an action is morally wrong because

Accepted Answer

A)  it is forbidden by the Bible, and an action is morally okay because it has not been forbidden by the Bible. 
B)  it is forbidden by God, and an action is morally okay because it has not been forbidden by God. 
C)  God has discovered that it is morally wrong, and an action is morally okay because has discovered that it is not morally wrong. 
D)  God has discovered and passed on to us that it is morally wrong, and an action is morally okay because has discovered and passed on to us that it is not morally wrong.

Question 7

Which of the following claims is inconsistent with divine command theory?

Accepted Answer

A)  God could command us to murder, because His command is law. 
B)  Right and wrong are no more and no less than what God commands. 
C)  God would not command us to murder because murder is morally wrong. 
D)  All of the above

Question 8

The qualified attitude theory does not include which of the following among its ideal conditions?

Accepted Answer

A)  A person is fully informed about the relevant facts. 
B)  A person has constructed a well formed, deductive argument. 
C)  A person is psychologically normal, sober, and not suffering from a psychological disorder that affects moral feelings or reasoning. 
D)  A person is not biased by self-interest.

Question 9

The qualified attitude theory claims that when

Accepted Answer

A)  it's said that a person's action is morally wrong, what's meant is that the action is condemned by the ethical code of that person's culture. 
B)  it's said that a person's action is morally wrong, what is meant is that the action is condemned by the ethical code of the speaker's culture. 
C)  someone says that an action is morally wrong, what she means is that she personally disapproves of it. 
D)  a person says that an action is morally wrong, she means that she would disapprove of it, given ideal conditions.

Question 10

__________ argued, "If [God's] will has any cause, there must be something antecedent to it, and to which it is annexed; this it were impious to imagine. The will of God is the supreme rule of righteousness, so that everything which He wills must be held to be righteous by the mere fact of His willing it. Therefore, when it is asked why the Lord did so, we must answer, because He pleased. But if you proceed farther to ask why He pleased, you ask for something greater and more sublime than the will of God, and nothing such can be found."

Accepted Answer

A)  Thomas Aquinas 
B)  John Calvin 
C)  Linda Zagzebski 
D)  A. J. Ayer

Question 11

Descriptive cultural relativism claims that

Accepted Answer

A)  when it's said that a person's action is morally wrong, what's meant is that the action is condemned by the ethical code of that person's culture. 
B)  when someone says that an action is morally wrong, what she means is that she personally disapproves of it. 
C)  when a person says that an action is morally wrong, she means that she would disapprove of it, given ideal conditions. 
D)  different cultures around the world have different ethical codes, and what is considered wrong in one culture is not considered wrong in other cultures.

Exam 12: Are There Objective Truths About Right and Wrong?

Describe the differences between the following views, noting their various strengths and weaknesses: (i) descriptive cultural relativism, (ii) agent relativism, and (iii) speaker relativism.

__________ argued, "We must have more to go on in the moral life than our own human faculties. In particular, the possibility of success in the moral life requires something which enables us to get out of skepticism. The Christian God has such a function."

According to emotivism, "stealing is wrong" means more or less the same as

Expressivism attempts to solve simple subjectivism's inability to give a plausible account of moral discussion and disagreement by arguing that when they give arguments for their views, they are

Divine command theory suffers from which of the following weaknesses?

The Divine command theory holds that an action is morally wrong because

Which of the following claims is inconsistent with divine command theory?

The qualified attitude theory does not include which of the following among its ideal conditions?

The qualified attitude theory claims that when

Descriptive cultural relativism claims that