Question 1

The fact that as youngsters get older they are less likely to commit crimes is known as:

Accepted Answer

A)   the age of innocence
B)   psychological maturity
C)   aging out
D)   behavioral modification C

Question 2

Define, describe, and explain the houses of refuge. What were they created to do? What might have made them successful or unsuccessful?

Accepted Answer

Houses of refuge were established in the 19th century in the United States as a form of rehabilitation for juvenile delinquents and troubled youth. These houses were designed to provide a safe and structured environment for young people who had been involved in criminal activities or were at risk of becoming involved in such activities.

The houses of refuge were created with the intention of providing a supportive and disciplined environment where young people could receive education, vocational training, and moral guidance in order to help them turn their lives around and become productive members of society.

The success or failure of houses of refuge could be attributed to a variety of factors. Successful houses of refuge likely had strong leadership and staff who were dedicated to the well-being and rehabilitation of the residents. They may have also had effective educational and vocational programs, as well as a supportive and nurturing environment.

On the other hand, unsuccessful houses of refuge may have suffered from inadequate funding, lack of proper training for staff, or a punitive rather than rehabilitative approach to discipline. Additionally, societal attitudes towards juvenile delinquency and the effectiveness of rehabilitation programs could have also influenced the success or failure of houses of refuge.

Question 3

Since the 1990s what has been the trend in juvenile arrests and the number of youngsters incarcerated? What factors may be influencing this trend?

Accepted Answer

Since the 1990s, there has been a significant decrease in juvenile arrests and the number of youngsters incarcerated. This trend can be attributed to a variety of factors, including changes in law enforcement practices, increased focus on rehabilitation and diversion programs, and a shift in public attitudes towards juvenile justice.

Law enforcement agencies have increasingly adopted community policing strategies and implemented diversion programs that aim to address the root causes of juvenile delinquency rather than simply arresting and incarcerating young offenders. This approach has led to a decrease in the number of juveniles being arrested and incarcerated.

Additionally, there has been a growing recognition of the importance of rehabilitation and reintegration for juvenile offenders. This has led to the development of alternative sentencing options, such as probation, counseling, and community service, which aim to address the underlying issues that contribute to juvenile delinquency and reduce the likelihood of reoffending.

Furthermore, there has been a shift in public attitudes towards juvenile justice, with a greater emphasis on the need for second chances and the potential for rehabilitation. This has led to increased support for policies and programs that prioritize prevention and intervention over punitive measures.

Overall, the trend in decreasing juvenile arrests and incarceration can be attributed to a combination of changes in law enforcement practices, a focus on rehabilitation and diversion programs, and a shift in public attitudes towards juvenile justice. These factors have contributed to a more holistic and effective approach to addressing juvenile delinquency and promoting positive outcomes for young offenders.

Question 4

Acts that are illegal for juveniles, but not for adults (like truancy) are classified:

Accepted Answer

A)   status offenses
B)   delinquent offenses
C)   petty misdemeanors
D)   infractions

Question 5

Nearly 80% of the youngsters admitted to juvenile detention facilities are charged with technical violations of their probation.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

In 1985 more than half of the juveniles transferred to adult courts were:

Accepted Answer

A)   drug offenders
B)   persistent property offenders
C)   auto thieves
D)   public order offenders

Question 7

Georgia, Texas, and Wisconsin consider individuals adults at ______ years of age.

Accepted Answer

A)   14
B)   17
C)   18
D)   21

Question 8

One of the ongoing challenges for the juvenile justice system is disproportionate minority contact.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

In 2016 about how many juveniles were transferred to adult courts for trial?

Accepted Answer

A)   500
B)   3,500
C)   6,700
D)   over 10,000

Question 10

Which of the following is not considered a community-based disposition for juvenile offenders?

Accepted Answer

A)   group homes
B)   detention centers
C)   probation
D)   ranch or wilderness programs

Question 11

Most youth correctional facilities in the United States are operated by:

Accepted Answer

A)   local governments
B)   state governments
C)   regional authorities
D)   the federal government

Question 12

Arrests for all juvenile crimes peaked in 1996 and have declined since then.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

The federal government became involved in juvenile justice policy through passage of the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act in:

Accepted Answer

A)   1989
B)   1974
C)   1963
D)   1945

Question 14

The first U.S. juvenile facilities were established in the 1830s. They were known as:

Accepted Answer

A)   youth hostels
B)   reform schools
C)   houses of refuge
D)   penitentiaries

Question 15

Compared to adult correctional placements, juvenile correctional placements are:

Accepted Answer

A)   more expensive to operate
B)   less expensive to operate
C)   about as expensive to operate
D)   none of the above

Question 16

In the United States there are about 40,000 community-based residential facilities for treating troubled youths.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Most early juvenile correctional facilities housed youngsters of all races.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

All states prohibit the practice of housing juveniles in adult jails.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

From 1997 to 2017 the number of youths incarcerated in this country:

Accepted Answer

A)   increased about 10%
B)   increased 50%
C)   decreased 1%
D)   decreased about 60%

Question 20

In 2017 the percentage of white youngsters in juvenile correctional populations was:

Accepted Answer

A)   34.7%
B)   49.9%
C)   51%
D)   75.6%

Exam 14: Juvenile Justice: Trends, Policies, and Challenges

The fact that as youngsters get older they are less likely to commit crimes is known as:

Define, describe, and explain the houses of refuge. What were they created to do? What might have made them successful or unsuccessful?

Since the 1990s what has been the trend in juvenile arrests and the number of youngsters incarcerated? What factors may be influencing this trend?

Acts that are illegal for juveniles, but not for adults (like truancy) are classified:

Nearly 80% of the youngsters admitted to juvenile detention facilities are charged with technical violations of their probation.

In 1985 more than half of the juveniles transferred to adult courts were:

Georgia, Texas, and Wisconsin consider individuals adults at ______ years of age.

One of the ongoing challenges for the juvenile justice system is disproportionate minority contact.

In 2016 about how many juveniles were transferred to adult courts for trial?

Which of the following is not considered a community-based disposition for juvenile offenders?

Most youth correctional facilities in the United States are operated by:

Arrests for all juvenile crimes peaked in 1996 and have declined since then.

The federal government became involved in juvenile justice policy through passage of the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act in:

The first U.S. juvenile facilities were established in the 1830s. They were known as:

Compared to adult correctional placements, juvenile correctional placements are:

In the United States there are about 40,000 community-based residential facilities for treating troubled youths.

Most early juvenile correctional facilities housed youngsters of all races.

All states prohibit the practice of housing juveniles in adult jails.

From 1997 to 2017 the number of youths incarcerated in this country:

In 2017 the percentage of white youngsters in juvenile correctional populations was: