Question 1

List the steps and brain regions involved in declarative memory formation, according to the most recent model.

Accepted Answer

The answer of List the steps and brain regions involved...

Question 2

Research shows that rats living in enriched conditions have more dendritic branches on cortical neurons and enhanced activity of _______ neurons throughout the cortex.

Accepted Answer

A)  cholinergic 
B)  GABA-ergic 
C)  serotonergic 
D)  glutamatergic

Question 3

Which statement about plastic changes at the level of the synapse is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  A neural circuit that is used more often can lead to an increase of synapses. 
B)  The synapse enlarges presynaptically. 
C)  The postsynaptic membrane becomes more sensitive to transmitter. 
D)  Synapses of less active neural pathways start competing for neurotransmitter by engulfing neighboring synapses.

Question 4

Describe the brain damage and memory problems experienced by patient N.A., and discuss the conclusions about the neuroanatomy of memory that were suggested by this case.

Accepted Answer

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Question 5

The observation that NMDA receptor blockade interferes with performance in the Morris water maze provides an example of a _______ supporting the connection between LTP and memory.

Accepted Answer

A)  correlational observation 
B)  somatic intervention experiment 
C)  behavioral intervention experiment 
D)  classical conditioning

Question 6

Nondeclarative memory is said to deal with _______ questions.

Accepted Answer

A)  "how" 
B)  "why" 
C)  "where" 
D)  "what"

Question 7

In the simplest form of nonassociative learning,

Accepted Answer

A)  an organism becomes less responsive following repeated presentation of a stimulus. 
B)  an organism becomes more responsive following repeated presentation of a stimulus. 
C)  an organism receives more and more transmitter at the synapse after repeated presentation of a stimulus. 
D)  there is an increase in the number of synapses over repeated presentation of a stimulus.

Question 8

In LTP formation, nitric oxide may serve as a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  synaptic transmitter. 
B)  inhibitor of protein synthesis. 
C)  synaptic modulator. 
D)  retrograde transmitter.

Question 9

The adage "cells that fire together, wire together" refers to a hypothesis proposed by

Accepted Answer

A)  Charles Sherrington. 
B)  Alan Baddeley. 
C)  Raymond Kesner. 
D)  Donald Hebb.

Question 10

Explain how the structure of synapses can change.

Accepted Answer

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Question 11

In posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), when a traumatic memory is reactivated it returns to a labile state; it becomes even stronger when reconsolidated in the presence of

Accepted Answer

A)  stress hormones. 
B)  beta-blockers. 
C)  dopamine. 
D)  benzodiazepines.

Question 12

Adult rats living in enriched conditions have more neurons in the

Accepted Answer

A)  cortex. 
B)  amygdala. 
C)  hypothalamus. 
D)  hippocampus.

Question 13

Which structure is not required for the conditioned eye-blink response in the rabbit?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cerebellum 
B)  Hippocampus 
C)  Cranial motor nuclei 
D)  Trigeminal nucleus

Question 14

You routinely order pizza from the same company, which is delivered in a red car with white stripes. After ordering pizza for a couple of years, you notice that any time see any red car with white stripes you feel hungry. For you, pizza delivery car has become a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  unconditioned stimulus. 
B)  conditioned stimulus. 
C)  unconditioned response. 
D)  conditioned response.

Question 15

Patient K.C.

Accepted Answer

A)  could acquire new episodic knowledge with careful training. 
B)  could not access memories of his own past. 
C)  could not acquire new semantic knowledge, even with careful training. 
D)  suffered damage to the dorsolateral thalamus.

Question 16

Imaging studies indicate that the learning of sensorimotor skills, perceptual skills, and cognitive skills are all affected by damage specifically to the

Accepted Answer

A)  basal ganglia. 
B)  motor cortex. 
C)  hippocampus. 
D)  amygdala.

Question 17

LTP in the hippocampal formation depends on the excitatory neurotransmitter

Accepted Answer

A)  GABA. 
B)  acetylcholine. 
C)  dopamine. 
D)  glutamate.

Question 18

A proposed treatment for post-traumatic stress disorder involves using beta-adrenergic antagonists drugs either just before or after the traumatic event. What is the effect of this treatment?

Accepted Answer

A)  It acts on GABA receptors. 
B)  It blocks the effects of epinephrine in the amygdala. 
C)  It increases the effects of serotonin. 
D)  It increases the effects of dopamine.

Question 19

A change in the processing of a stimulus on the basis of prior exposure to the same or similar stimuli is referred to as

Accepted Answer

A)  associative learning. 
B)  priming. 
C)  classic conditioning. 
D)  semantic memory.

Question 20

Discuss research findings concerning the emotional attribute of memory in humans. How might treatments that involve altering this attribute be therapeutic in post-traumatic stress disorder?

Accepted Answer

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Exam 14: Memory, Learning, and Development