Question 1

What is truth?

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Question 2

Pleasure, for Aristotle, is

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A)  never to be sought as an end. 
B)  the end that humans are naturally motivated by. 
C)  unsuitable as the principal end for rational creatures. 
D)  the reason we should be virtuous.

Question 3

A statement, according to Aristotle, is

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A)  like a prayer. 
B)  composed of three or more terms. 
C)  like knowledge, always true. 
D)  either true or false.

Question 4

The first principles of a science are

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A)  the clearest and most certain things we know. 
B)  arrived at by demonstration. 
C)  proved to be true through syllogistic reasoning. 
D)  unknowable.

Question 5

Aristotle differs from Plato in

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A)  believing knowledge is different from opinion. 
B)  holding that something like a puppy is as real as anything can be. 
C)  loving wisdom less. 
D)  being more otherworldly than Plato.

Question 6

Virtue, Aristotle says, is defined by a mean relative to us. He means that

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A)  facts about an individual and her circumstances are relevant to what should be done. 
B)  we all have different values. 
C)  if you think x is the right thing to do, who's to say you are wrong? 
D)  there are no virtues common to all.

Question 7

Compare Aristotle's view of knowledge with that of Plato. What are its characteristics? What are its objects? By what procedures can we come to know?

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Question 8

The importance of scripted ritual is a difficult thing to sell to students who value an independent, unique, and self-reliant mode of cultural expression. This is especially true in regard to the rituals of everyday Confucian life, as opposed to funeral or birth rites. Try to get them thinking about how the smoothing of daily interaction would make life better because it would be less awkward. I find that students rarely consider awkwardness an important social issue.

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Question 9

Does having a bad character excuse a person? Explain.

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Question 10

What is an essence?

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Question 11

Characterize the three kinds of soul.

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Question 12

(a) Explain the development of an acorn into an oak tree in an Aristotelian manner, using the concepts of matter and form, potentiality and actuality, together with the four causes.
(b) Contrast this with an atomist account of the same phenomena.

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Question 13

Nature is purposive, Aristotle says, in virtue of

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A)  the plan God had in mind when he created nature. 
B)  intentions resident in every nature-fact. 
C)  the entelechy resident in things. 
D)  our using nature for our own purposes.

Question 14

What distinguishes primary substance from all the other categories?

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Exam 8: Plato: Knowing the Real and the Good