Question 1

The United States is facing:

Accepted Answer

A)   an increase in the younger population
B)   an increase in the sick population
C)   an increase in the aging population
D)   a decrease in the aging population C

Question 2

Discuss the topic of climate-induced scarcities and provide two examples that have been experienced in the United States.

Accepted Answer

Climate-induced scarcities refer to the shortages of resources such as water, food, and energy that are caused by changes in climate patterns. These scarcities can be the result of extreme weather events, such as droughts, floods, and hurricanes, as well as long-term shifts in temperature and precipitation patterns.

One example of climate-induced scarcity in the United States is the drought that occurred in California from 2012 to 2016. This drought was the most severe in the state's history and led to significant shortages of water for agriculture, industry, and residential use. The lack of water also contributed to an increase in wildfires and a decline in the state's agricultural productivity.

Another example is the impact of hurricanes on energy resources in the Gulf Coast region. Hurricanes such as Katrina and Harvey have caused significant damage to oil and gas infrastructure, leading to disruptions in energy production and distribution. These disruptions have resulted in shortages of fuel and electricity, as well as increased prices for consumers.

Overall, climate-induced scarcities are a growing concern in the United States, and it is important for policymakers and communities to develop strategies for mitigating the impacts of these scarcities and building resilience to future climate challenges.

Question 3

Climate-induced strain, according to Agnew, can include:

Accepted Answer

A)   temperature and negative responses
B)   extreme weather events
C)   forced migrations
D)   all of the above D

Question 4

Choose two climate-related strains and discuss how they can reduce social control.

Accepted Answer

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Question 5

Examples of constrained economic activity include:

Accepted Answer

A)   agriculture impacted by drought
B)   migration from rural locations to urban locations
C)   soil erosion
D)   all of the above

Question 6

Examples of nonrenewable resources include:

Accepted Answer

A)   solar energy
B)   oil
C)   coal
D)   b & c

Question 7

Choose a criminological theory discussed in the chapter, describe it, and discuss how it relates to the effects of climate change.

Accepted Answer

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Question 8

According to the text, gang strengthening can particularly be a problem for areas that:

Accepted Answer

A)   lose citizens to migration
B)   increase security measures
C)   invest in alternative energies
D)   none of the above

Question 9

The largest internal migration in the history of the United States is known as:

Accepted Answer

A)   the Great Move
B)   the Great Shift
C)   the Amazing race
D)   the Great Migration

Question 10

When a state is under sustained pressure, its first response is usually:

Accepted Answer

A)   softening
B)   retreating
C)   hardening
D)   falling apart

Question 11

People who voluntarily leave an area because it is no longer viable are known as:

Accepted Answer

A)   refugees
B)   nomads
C)   migrants
D)   picky

Question 12

People who are forced off their land are known as:

Accepted Answer

A)   migrants
B)   refugees
C)   outcasts
D)   none of the above

Question 13

In 1973, oil was established as central to U.S. national security interests through the:

Accepted Answer

A)   Reagan Doctrine
B)   Bush Doctrine
C)   Koch Doctrine
D)   Carter Doctrine

Question 14

Currently, how many people do not have access to clean drinking water?

Accepted Answer

A)   a few million
B)   more than a billion
C)   several hundred thousand
D)   several tens of thousands

Question 15

In routine activities, how many elements must be present in order for crime to be likely:

Accepted Answer

A)   two
B)   one
C)   three
D)   four

Question 16

Choose three of the routine crimes enhanced by migration and discuss the potential consequences.

Accepted Answer

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Question 17

Environmental scarcity can be:

Accepted Answer

A)   supply induced
B)   demand induced
C)   structurally related
D)   all of the above

Question 18

Sociologists and criminologists use the Gini index to:

Accepted Answer

A)   measure inequality in a society
B)   measure crime in a neighborhood
C)   measure the effects of climate change
D)   They do not use it at all.

Question 19

The Ogallala reservoir is located in:

Accepted Answer

A)   the Great Plains
B)   the Pacific Northwest
C)   New England
D)   the Southeast

Question 20

Using the Homer-Dixon model, describe the basics of environmental scarcity and how it can lead to violence.

Accepted Answer

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Exam 4: Modeling the Relationship Between Global Warming, Violence, and Crime