Question 1

During the 1970s and 1980s, several states returned to earlier models of determinate sentencing practices, because of:

Accepted Answer

A)   More conservative public attitudes
B)   Concern with recidivism rates
C)   Dissatisfaction with the medical model
D)   A and B
E)   All of the above E

Question 2

Parole officers are responsible for certain functions. In that regard, consider the following:
1) Deciding which inmates to release on parole
2) Supervising inmates who are released on parole
3) Supporting the offender's readjustment to the community
4) Revoking parole when the offender does not comply with specified conditions.
Select the option below that contains all of the functions for which parole officers are responsible:

Accepted Answer

A)  1 and 2
B)  1 and 4
C)  2 and 3
D)  1, 2, and 3 C

Question 3

As a result of moving to the justice model, many states have eliminated:

Accepted Answer

A)   Discretionary parole
B)   Mandatory supervisory release
C)   Postrelease supervision
D)   Gain/good time
E)   Early release A

Question 4

Employment opportunities for ex-offenders are limited by:

Accepted Answer

A)   Occupational licensing restrictions
B)   Compliance with specific conditions of parole
C)   Insufficient due process measures
D)   The brokerage model of parole supervision
E)   All of the above

Question 5

Appointments to parole boards have been criticized for:

Accepted Answer

A)   Involving political patronage
B)   Lacking professional qualifications
C)   Being based on outdated civil service tests
D)   A and B
E)   All of the above

Question 6

Parole boards historically had authority to decide:

Accepted Answer

A)  Whether an inmate would be granted early release
B)  Whether to revoke parole
C)  Whether to require parole for inmates who served their full sentence
D)  A and B

Question 7

The fact that ex-felons cannot vote in certain states, are denied occupational licenses, and may have experienced the breakup of their family while incarcerated are examples of:

Accepted Answer

A)  Mandatory supervised release sanctions
B)  The lack of due process in the justice model
C)  Collateral consequences of conviction
D)  The differences between mandatory and discretionary parole

Question 8

Most parole hearings today allow the inmate to be represented by an attorney and to introduce witnesses.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Work release involves releasing offenders from the custody of a correctional institution in order to enable them to reside and be employed full-time in the community.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

The majority of those coming out of prison are being released through a prerelease program.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

An inmate who is denied parole can be reconsidered again at a future date.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Employment opportunities for ex-offenders are limited by:

Accepted Answer

A)  Occupational licensing restrictions
B)  Compliance with specific conditions of parole
C)  Insufficient due process measures
D)  The brokerage model of parole supervision

Question 13

Use the following options to identify what is being described in the examples below:
-An inmate who was sentenced to death is spared, and life imprisonment is substituted.

Accepted Answer

A)   A commutation
B)   A conditional pardon
C)   An unconditional pardon
D)   Gain time
E)   Good timeF)  ParoleG)  ProbationH)  Revocation

Question 14

Use the following options to identify what is being described in the examples below:
-May be requested long after an inmate is released from custody, for the purpose of restoring the offender's civil rights.

Accepted Answer

A)   A commutation
B)   A conditional pardon
C)   An unconditional pardon
D)   Gain time
E)   Good timeF)  ParoleG)  ProbationH)  Revocation

Question 15

Executive clemency in the form of a pardon or commutation can be offered by the:

Accepted Answer

A)  Legislature
B)  Governor of the state
C)  Director of corrections
D)  Sentencing judge

Question 16

The courts have intervened to ensure that those eligible for parole are protected by certain due process rights, which must be observed in the decision-making process.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Work release involves releasing offenders from the custody of a correctional institution in order to enable them to reside and be employed full time in the community.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

The origins of parole can be traced to:

Accepted Answer

A)  The Quakers' influence at the Walnut Street Jail
B)  Walter Crofton's ticket-of-leave
C)  The efforts of John Augustus in Boston
D)  A and B
E)  All of the above

Question 19

Two studies are undertaken to determine the effectiveness of parole. Study l defines recidivism as "reconvicted within one year." Study 2 defines recidivism as "rearrested within five years." The subjects of both studies are males who had been first-time offenders, incarcerated for violent crimes in a large Western state. In terms of the findings:

Accepted Answer

A)   It is more likely that Study l will report parole as a success
B)   It is more likely that Study 2 will report parole as a success
C)   Each of the two studies is equally likely or unlikely to report parole as a success
D)   Both studies are likely to report parole as a success
E)   Both studies are likely to report parole as a failure

Question 20

The majority of those coming out of prison are being released through a prerelease program.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 11: Transition From Confinement to Community

During the 1970s and 1980s, several states returned to earlier models of determinate sentencing practices, because of:

As a result of moving to the justice model, many states have eliminated:

Employment opportunities for ex-offenders are limited by:

Appointments to parole boards have been criticized for:

Parole boards historically had authority to decide:

The fact that ex-felons cannot vote in certain states, are denied occupational licenses, and may have experienced the breakup of their family while incarcerated are examples of:

Most parole hearings today allow the inmate to be represented by an attorney and to introduce witnesses.

Work release involves releasing offenders from the custody of a correctional institution in order to enable them to reside and be employed full-time in the community.

The majority of those coming out of prison are being released through a prerelease program.

An inmate who is denied parole can be reconsidered again at a future date.

Employment opportunities for ex-offenders are limited by:

Use the following options to identify what is being described in the examples below: -An inmate who was sentenced to death is spared, and life imprisonment is substituted.

Use the following options to identify what is being described in the examples below: -May be requested long after an inmate is released from custody, for the purpose of restoring the offender's civil rights.

Executive clemency in the form of a pardon or commutation can be offered by the:

The courts have intervened to ensure that those eligible for parole are protected by certain due process rights, which must be observed in the decision-making process.

Work release involves releasing offenders from the custody of a correctional institution in order to enable them to reside and be employed full time in the community.

The origins of parole can be traced to:

The majority of those coming out of prison are being released through a prerelease program.