A Visitor to a First-Grade Classroom Sees a Teacher Ask

Short Answer

A visitor to a first-grade classroom sees a teacher ask a student to solve this problem:
Jaime gets $5 a week for keeping the yard in good shape. He is saving his money for the county fair. After four weeks, how much has he saved?
A) The visitor thinks to himself, "This is a multiplication problem, and first-graders have not yet been taught multiplication, so they can't answer this problem." But after a few minutes, the first-grader says that the answer is 20. The student explains how she did this problem, and, much to the visitor's surprise, she did not do any formal multiplication. What did she most likely do to find the answer?
B) This visitor also sees the students work another problem: 8 miles of highway are being paved. If the workers pave 2 miles a day, how long will it take them to pave all 8 miles? The visitor thinks, "This is a division problem and first-graders have not yet learned to divide." But then one student says that it would take four days. How do you suppose she explained this answer without using division?