Question 1

In Pavlov's study, the UCS was _______; the neutral stimulus was _________; and, finally, the CS was_________.

Accepted Answer

A)  food; the bell; food 
B)  food; the bell; the bell 
C)  the bell; food; food 
D)  food; food; the bell

Question 2

According to one study, players of violent video games were more likely to have:

Accepted Answer

A)  reduced academic achievement. 
B)  behaved aggressively. 
C)  been involved in delinquent behaviours. 
D)  All of these

Question 3

Dr. Jeffery Rosenthal from the University of Toronto suggests your chances of winning Lotto 649 are about 1 in __ million.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Dr. Jeffery Rosenthal from the University of...

Question 4

Researchers from McGill University found that participants who were exposed to smiling faces had________ levels of implicit self-esteem compared to participants who were not exposed to the smilingfaces.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Researchers from McGill University found that participants...

Question 5

Pavlov's initial interest in classical conditioning was stimulated when he observed his research dogs salivating at the sight of

Accepted Answer

A)  food. 
B)  the experimenter. 
C)  saliva. 
D)  other dogs.

Question 6

A Skinner box is

Accepted Answer

A)  like a blue box from Tiffany's, but less upscale. 
B)  a cage where lab animals are kept when they are not being used in experiments. 
C)  a controlled environment to study conditioning in lab animals. 
D)  None of these

Question 7

Which of the following responses is probably learned through classical conditioning?

Accepted Answer

A)  inserting coins in a vending machine 
B)  feeling anxious before a test 
C)  playing a slot machine 
D)  a child having a tantrum when his parents say "no" to a request

Question 8

Observational learning is important from a practical standpoint because

Accepted Answer

A)  it offers a way to instruct complex behaviours in those instances in which shaping is not feasible. 
B)  it alerts us to the potential effect of media aggression on human behaviour. 
C)  Both A and B 
D)  Neither A nor B

Question 9

Irrational fears that may be caused by classical conditioning are called

Accepted Answer

A)  habituations. 
B)  stimulus generalizations. 
C)  phobias. 
D)  avoidance behaviours.

Question 10

Vending machine is to slot machine as ____________ reinforcement is to __________reinforcement.

Accepted Answer

A)  primary; secondary 
B)  secondary; primary 
C)  partial; intermittent 
D)  intermittent; continuous

Question 11

What did Dr. Jonathan Freedman from the University of Toronto determine was true regarding exposure to media violence and violent behaviour?

Accepted Answer

A)  Exposure to media violence causes violent behaviour 
B)  Exposure to media violence does not cause violent behaviour 
C)  Exposure to media violence causes violent behaviour about 50% of the time 
D)  More research needs to be completed to determine the effects media violence has on violent behaviour.

Question 12

Marcie sometimes punishes her toddler's misbehaviour and has made the following statements: (1) "Just you wait until your father gets home." (2) "I got so mad I slapped her." (3) "Why should I reward her for doing what she's supposed to?"Based on these statements, which principle(s) of effective punishment does Marcie seem to violate?

Accepted Answer

A)  Punishment should immediately follow behaviour. 
B)  Physical punishment should be avoided. 
C)  Punishment should be used in conjunction with reinforcement. 
D)  She seems to violate all of these principles.

Question 13

The term _________ refers to a relatively permanent change in behaviour resulting from experience.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The term _________ refers to a relatively...

Question 14

According to Skinner's principle of __________, the emphasis is on forming associations betweenbehaviour and consequences.

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to Skinner's principle of __________, the...

Question 15

In Pavlov's study, the bell is both a __________ and a __________ stimulus.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In Pavlov's study, the bell is both...

Question 16

Rosa is afraid of needles and becomes anxious when she enters the examination room at the clinic before a blood test. This illustrates

Accepted Answer

A)  classical conditioning. 
B)  stimulus generalization. 
C)  operant conditioning. 
D)  stimulus discrimination.

Question 17

You walk around the mall most weekends. When a mother with a small child asks you where the toy store is, you give her exact directions to its location. This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  observational learning. 
B)  latent learning. 
C)  insight learning. 
D)  subconscious learning.

Question 18

John experiences a strong craving for roasted turkey in early October. His craving, triggered by the time of year, would be considered a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  reflex. 
B)  classical response. 
C)  unconditioned response. 
D)  conditioned response.

Question 19

Adaptation refers to the diminished response of sensory receptors after prolonged stimulation. Similarly, __________ is a decline in the behavioural response following repeated exposure to the same stimulus.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Adaptation refers to the diminished response of...

Exam 5: Conditioning, Reinforcement, Punishment, and Learning

In Pavlov's study, the UCS was ___; the neutral stimulus was _; and, finally, the CS was_____.