Question 1

Maladaptive behaviors refer to those that inhibit an individual's ability to adjust to a specific situation. They prevent people from properly adapting to the demands of everyday life and are often utilized to reduce anxiety. What are four common maladaptive behaviors?

Accepted Answer

A)  Avoidance, substance abuse, anger, withdrawal
B)  Physical abuse, avoidance, withdrawal, panic
C)  Substance abuse, violence, association, withdrawal
D)  Anger, physical abuse, avoidance, withdrawal A

Question 2

Alcohol or substance abuse can be characterized by a maladaptive pattern of its usage leading to significant distress or impairment. Manifestation occurs when which of the following takes place in a one year period?

Accepted Answer

A)  Related legal problems
B)  Usage in situations that are physically harmful
C)  Failure to fulfill role obligations
D)  Any of the above D

Question 3

There are convincing links between parenting styles and the effects they have on children. Psychologist Diana Baumrind conducted research demonstrating that all parents display one of four parenting styles. Which of the four is the most successful?

Accepted Answer

A)  Authoritarian parenting
B)  Authoritative parenting
C)  Permissive parenting
D)  Uninvolved parenting B

Question 4

The family life cycle is the intellectual and emotional stages one passes through from childhood to retirement. Challenges occur within each phase that allow for the development of new skills. Which of the following is not a stage of the family life cycle?

Accepted Answer

A)  Dependency
B)  Coupling
C)  Retirement
D)  Launching of adult children

Question 5

Timothy is a sixteen-year-old male being referred to a clinic for treatment by a detention center counselor. This teenager has been in frequent trouble with the law, demonstrating no regard for right and wrong. He often violates the rights of others, lies, behaves violently, and has a known drug addiction. Timothy is unable to fulfill the responsibilities of family or school. He should obtain treatment for what kind of disorder?

Accepted Answer

A)  Anti-social disorder
B)  Bi-polar disorder
C)  Avoidant personality disorder
D)  Conflict disorder

Question 6

Individuals will develop poor personalities if they only receive unconditional positive regard with no conditions of worth. The need for positive regard from others and self allows there to be congruence between identity and experiences. This ideal human condition embodies the fully functioning person, one who is open to trust, expressing feelings, creativity and the experience to live existentially. Who developed this theory?

Accepted Answer

A)  Carl Rogers
B)  Sigmund Freud
C)  Erik Erikson
D)  Abraham Maslow

Question 7

Trauma is expressed best by recognizing not just objective facts but also the subjective emotional experiences of an event. It is a situation that leaves you feeling overwhelmed and alone. A stressful event is more likely to be traumatizing if:

Accepted Answer

A)  It happens unexpectedly
B)  One feels powerless to prevent it
C)  Someone was intentionally cruel
D)  Any of the above

Question 8

Which if the following is an ultimately healing process by which people comes to term with the loss of someone or something with whom their lives were once intimately entwined? It involves a process of withdrawing ties and establishing new ones.

Accepted Answer

A)  Stress
B)  Grief
C)  Trauma
D)  Identity

Question 9

Amanda is a struggling single parent with three small children. Due to a disability, she is confined to a wheelchair and receives a small compensation check. This income is not providing for her family so she decides to go back to work as a waitress. Amanda has held two other similar jobs in the past and was able to complete her tasks as required from the comfort of her wheelchair. She applies for a part-time job at a local diner and is asked to come in for an interview. There are two other people there for the same position. They have no previous experience waitressing, but are not disabled. Amanda is denied the job because the diner cannot make accommodations due to limited space. As she leaves the interview, there are two other handicapped individuals in wheelchairs eating in the establishment. Does Amanda have a valid claim with the Americans with Disabilities Act?

Accepted Answer

A)  No, she does not have enough experience.
B)  Yes, she cannot be expected to perform the job like everyone else.
C)  No, Amanda has difficulty finding transportation to work.
D)  Yes, accommodations are required.

Question 10

Jeremiah grew up in a family where college is of utmost importance. His parents and siblings have all graduated from prestigious colleges. When Jeremiah does not get accepted to the college of his choice, he decides to change his plans for the future. He begins to feel that education is overrated and that it would be better to seek employment before getting any older. This motivation to change a belief or behavior to avoid a distressing feeling is part of what theory?

Accepted Answer

A)  Avoidance
B)  Cognitive dissonance
C)  Identity perception
D)  Psychosocial

Question 11

Mrs. Johnson's art class is disrupted every day during third period by one student in particular. Jeremiah cannot seem to sit still and is always shrugging his shoulders. He has been heard mumbling under his breath by other students and will sometimes hit himself in the head for no reason. This occurs constantly, and when Jeremiah is confronted, the actions worsen. Mrs. Johnson calls a meeting with his parents and discovers he suffers from what disorder?

Accepted Answer

A)  Muscle spasms
B)  Bi-polar disorder
C)  Tourette Syndrome
D)  Anti-social disorder

Question 12

Accepting and respecting differences in peoples' experiences and culture - including those stemming from race, ethnicity, gender, religious beliefs, age, and socioeconomic status -is an example of what concept?

Accepted Answer

A)  Prejudice
B)  Diversity
C)  Anti-Racism
D)  Nurturing

Question 13

The Mitchell family worries about their four-year-old son, Michael. He has two other siblings, ages six and eight. Michael is quite active but only plays in solitude. Language is delayed and the child would rather point at things he wants. Michael's siblings attempt to hug him or cuddle with him, but he pushes them away. Eye contact is at a bare minimum, and he will wander off if not adequately supervised. What diagnosis would be given to a child with these symptoms?

Accepted Answer

A)  Anti-social disorder
B)  Mild/Moderate impairment
C)  Narcissistic disorder
D)  Autism disorder

Question 14

Cynthia is a sixteen-year-old high school dropout with a six- month-old daughter. She lives with her boyfriend and his friends. The young couple relies on welfare for income and food, with no desire to seek out employment. Cynthia spends her days watching television and hanging out with her friends. There has been very little bonding between mother and child since birth. Which of the following is likely demonstrated by the infant?

Accepted Answer

A)  Mistrust of the environment
B)  Lack of social responsiveness
C)  Poor motor control
D)  Slow language development

Question 15

A social worker is providing services for a 15-year-old female named Christie. Background information includes the death of her mother from a drug overdose and the imprisonment of Christie's father. She has mainly lived with her aunt, who has been quite violent in disciplinary measures. Christie is unable to demonstrate right from wrong and has been getting into trouble with the law. What personality disorder is the client likely suffering from?

Accepted Answer

A)  Conflict disorder
B)  Defiance
C)  Anti-social behavior
D)  Trauma

Question 16

In Erik Erikson's eight stages of development, which stage involves identity vs. role confusion?

Accepted Answer

A)  4th stage, school age
B)  6th stage, young adulthood
C)  2nd stage, early childhood
D)  5th stage, adolescence

Question 17

Kelly's doctor has concerns about the fluctuation of her weight. She has struggled with diets her whole life but is still 120 pounds over the average weight for her size. The doctor is concerned about symptoms that may indicate an eating disorder. During an examination the physician asked Kelly about her eating habits. The patient appeared to experience shame and distress when attempting to explain. She will eat between meals and often times will consume more than she needs. What disorder is being described by Kelly?

Accepted Answer

A)  Bulimia
B)  Depression
C)  Bingeeating
D)  Anxiety

Question 18

As of 2007, a majority of states provide some level of protection for victims of this form of violence. It is characterized by willful intimidation, battery and assault. Children exposed to this brutality eventually see it as a way of life. This places them at risk for the next generation of victims or abusers. What kind of abuse is being described?

Accepted Answer

A)  Sexual abuse
B)  Battered child syndrome
C)  Domestic battery
D)  None of the above

Question 19

Maxine is an 81-year-old female who was recently diagnosed with dementia. She has been demonstrating difficulty in the areas of language and memory. Maxine's physician states that the cause is low vitamin B12 levels and poor nutrition. Since the disorder was found early, the effects can possibly be reversed. Which of the following causes of dementia cannot be treated effectively or cured?

Accepted Answer

A)  Brain tumors
B)  Medications
C)  Alzheimer's
D)  Blood sugar

Question 20

One of the most studied topics in psychology has to do with an individual's belief in their capacity to organize and act on prospective situations. People who look forward to challenging tasks with high confidence levels have a strong sense of what?

Accepted Answer

A)  Self-confidence
B)  Self-efficacy
C)  Ego
D)  Determinants

Exam 2: Development: Social and Cultural Issues in Psychology