Question 1

Which of the following conditions distinguishes double blind studies used in health research?

Accepted Answer

A)  Neither the members of the control group or the experimental group nor the person administering the treatment knows who is receiving the experimental therapy. 
B)  Both groups of research subjects and the person administering the treatment know who is receiving the experimental therapy. 
C)  The research subjects do not know, but the person administering the treatment knows who is receiving placebo or standard therapy. 
D)  Only members of the control group know they are receiving standard therapy.

Question 2

Pathophysiology involves the study of:

Accepted Answer

A)  the structure of the human body. 
B)  the functions of various organs in the body. 
C)  functional or structural changes resulting from disease processes. 
D)  various cell structures and related functions.

Question 3

The term cancer refers to:

Accepted Answer

A)  dysplasia. 
B)  hyperplasia. 
C)  metaplasia. 
D)  malignant neoplasm.

Question 4

The manifestations of a disease are best defined as the:

Accepted Answer

A)  subjective feelings of discomfort during a chronic illness. 
B)  signs and symptoms of a disease. 
C)  factors that precipitate an acute episode of a chronic illness. 
D)  early indicators of the prodromal stage of infection.

Question 5

The term disease refers to:

Accepted Answer

A)  the period of recovery and return to a normal healthy state. 
B)  a deviation from the normal state of health and function. 
C)  the treatment measures used to promote recovery. 
D)  a basic collection of signs and symptoms.

Question 6

Rigorous weight lifting/body building regimens may result in the skeletal muscle cells undergoing:

Accepted Answer

A)  hypertrophy. 
B)  dysplasia. 
C)  atrophy. 
D)  regeneration.

Question 7

Cell damage may be caused by exogenous sources such as:

Accepted Answer

A)  abnormal metabolic processes. 
B)  certain food additives. 
C)  genetic defects. 
D)  localized hypoxia.

Question 8

The term prognosis refers to the:

Accepted Answer

A)  period of recovery and return to a normal state. 
B)  expected outcome of the disease. 
C)  mortality and morbidity rates for a given population. 
D)  typical collection of signs and symptoms.

Question 9

To which of the following does the term apoptosis refer?

Accepted Answer

A)  Increased rate of mitosis by certain cells 
B)  Ischemic damage to cells 
C)  Liquefaction of necrotic tissue 
D)  Preprogrammed cell self-destruction

Question 10

A situation when there is a higher than expected number of cases of an infectious disease within a given area is called a/an:

Accepted Answer

A)  epidemic. 
B)  exacerbation. 
C)  morbidity. 
D)  pandemic.

Question 11

Which of the following is usually included in a medical history?
1) Past illnesses or surgeries
2) Current illnesses, acute and chronic
3) Prescribed medication or other treatments
4) Nonprescription drugs and herbal remedies
5) Current allergies

Accepted Answer

A)  1, 3 
B)  2, 4, 5 
C)  1, 3, 4 
D)  1, 2, 3, 4, 5

Question 12

A deficit of oxygen in the cells usually due to respiratory or circulatory problems is called:

Accepted Answer

A)  apoptosis. 
B)  ischemia. 
C)  hypertrophy. 
D)  necrosis.

Question 13

When prolonged ischemia occurs to an area of the heart, the resulting damage is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

A)  atrophy. 
B)  liquefactive necrosis. 
C)  apoptosis. 
D)  infarction.

Question 14

The best definition of the term prognosis is the:

Accepted Answer

A)  precipitating factors causing an acute episode. 
B)  number of remissions to be expected during the course of a chronic illness. 
C)  predicted outcome or likelihood of recovery from a specific disease. 
D)  exacerbations occurring during chronic illness.

Question 15

A circumstance that causes a sudden acute episode of a chronic disease to occur is termed:

Accepted Answer

A)  latent stage. 
B)  predisposing factor. 
C)  incidence. 
D)  precipitating factor.

Question 16

A short-term illness that develops very quickly with perhaps a high fever or severe pain is called:

Accepted Answer

A)  acute. 
B)  latent. 
C)  chronic. 
D)  manifestation.

Exam 1: Introduction to Pathophysiology