Question 1

Although DNA testing can be used to predict or exclude other relationships,the most common use is to assess the probability that a particular

Accepted Answer

A)  child is a descendant within a distinct ethnic group
B)  man and woman are the biological parents of a child
C)  man is the biological father of a child
D)  woman is the biological mother of a child C

Question 2

What blood group system antigens were used in the earliest days of parentage testing?

Accepted Answer

A)  ABO,FY,JK
B)  ABO,MN,Rh
C)  ABO,P,Rh
D)  ABO,Rh,Xg B

Question 3

Bayes' theorem

Accepted Answer

A)  allows a level of certainty for a given belief or hypothesis to be modified either positively or negatively by incorporating new information pertinent to the hypothesis
B)  involves the use of electrophoresis to separate alleles by size
C)  is specific to parentage testing and the evolution of the associated statistical calculations
D)  standardizes the calculations used in parentage testing and the interpretation and communication of the results A

Question 4

Which of the following is typically referred to as the parentage index?

Accepted Answer

A)  DR
B)  LI
C)  LR
D)  PEx

Question 5

Regarding the PEx,which statement is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  Begins with calculating the proportion of the population who would not be excluded.
B)  Indicates the proportion of the population who could have been included in parentage.
C)  Is a way to evaLuᵃte results of parentage testing.
D)  Is the probability the alleged parent would be excluded if they were falsely accused.

Question 6

Which advancement first allowed probability of parentage to be calculated?

Accepted Answer

A)  Accredited standardization
B)  Arlie consensus
C)  DNA polymorphism
D)  HLA typing

Question 7

Which standards are commonly followed by laboratories seeking accreditation for parentage testing?

Accepted Answer

A)  AABB Standards for Blood Banks and Transfusion Services
B)  AABB Standards for Relationship Testing Laboratories
C)  ABA Standards for Blood Banks and Transfusion Services
D)  ABA Standards for Parentage Testing Laboratories

Question 8

The likelihood ratio compares which two hypotheses?

Accepted Answer

A)  Probability that the alleged parent is not the true parent of the child and probability that a random person is the true parent of the child
B)  Probability that the alleged parent is excluded as the true parent of the child and probability that the known parent is the true parent of the child
C)  Probability that the alleged parent is the true parent of the child and probability that a random person is the true parent of the child
D)  Probability that the known parent is the true parent of the child and probability that the alleged parent is the true parent of the child

Question 9

Which probability encompasses the level of certainty that the alleged parents had a relationship that could have produced the child involved in the relatedness testing?

Accepted Answer

A)  Anterior
B)  Conditional
C)  Posterior
D)  Prior

Question 10

How many loci are included in the core loci originally defined by the FBI for use in identification of individuals by genetic testing?

Accepted Answer

A)  9
B)  13
C)  15
D)  18

Question 11

Which organization formed the Committee on Parentage Testing?

Accepted Answer

A)  AABB
B)  ABA
C)  AMA
D)  ABBB

Question 12

Once single tandem repeat (STR)loci have been amplified,what is used to separate alleles by size?

Accepted Answer

A)  Electrophoresis
B)  Fluorescent emissions
C)  Lasers
D)  Reagents

Question 13

All of the following statements are true regarding short tandem repeat (STR)except

Accepted Answer

A)  Loci are repeated sequences from 2 to 25 base pairs
B)  Loci typically occur in noncoding introns
C)  Typing tests avoid some of the issues seen with other techniques for DNA testing
D)  Typing tests are the principle technology used by parentage testing laboratories

Question 14

Which of the following involves creating a ratio that compares the evidence favoring parentage with the probability both for and against parentage?

Accepted Answer

A)  Anterior probability
B)  Conditional probability
C)  Posterior probability
D)  Prior probability

Question 15

Which of the following reflects the ability of a genetic marker to distinguish two samples coming from different sources?

Accepted Answer

A)  Discriminatory power
B)  Likelihood ratio
C)  Power of exclusion
D)  Short tandem repeat loci

Question 16

Which part of the Hardy-Weinberg equation expressed as p² + 2pq + q² = 1 predicts the number of people who are heterozygous for a given allele?

Accepted Answer

A)  p²
B)  2pq
C)  q²
D)  1

Question 17

Mendel's laws of genetics requires ________ of the alleles in the child's sample to be traceable to each parent.

Accepted Answer

A)  one-half
B)  one-third
C)  one-quarter
D)  one-sixth

Question 18

Which of the following legislation was passed with the hopes of reducing welfare costs by collecting from delinquent parents?

Accepted Answer

A)  Aid to Families with Dependent Children
B)  Child Support Enforcement Act
C)  Promoting Safe and Stable Families
D)  Victims of Child Abuse

Question 19

VNTR refers to

Accepted Answer

A)  variable nucleotide test result in DNA testing
B)  variable number of tandem repeats in a DNA sequence
C)  venous nucleotide type repeat in DNA sequence
D)  very neutral transition reactions in DNA synthesis

Question 20

In what year were DNA typing procedures incorporated into parentage testing standards?

Accepted Answer

A)  1953
B)  1967
C)  1985
D)  1992

Exam 19: Methods in Parentage Testing