Question 1

How is brain development related to adolescent impulsivity?​

Accepted Answer

The answer of How is brain development related to adolescent...

Question 2

The results of several studies of facial expressions in people who were born blind suggest ____.​

Accepted Answer

A) a minor role for genetics in the control of facial expressions 
B) ​a major role for genetics as well as environment in the control of facial expressions 
C) ​no role of genetics in the control of facial expressions 
D) no role of genetics, but a major role of environment in the control of facial expressions

Question 3

One way to relieve the pain associated with a phantom limb is to ____.​

Accepted Answer

A) remove more of the amputated limb 
B) ​have the amputee learn to use an artificial limb 
C) ​stimulate the relevant part of the cortex 
D) convince the patient that there is no neural basis for these sensations

Question 4

Group selection as an explanation for altruistic behavior would argue that ____.​

Accepted Answer

A) individuals are more likely to reproduce when stress is low 
B) ​individuals pick their groups based on how altruistic they are 
C) ​cooperative groups thrive better than do uncooperative groups 
D) society benefits as a whole when individuals help each other

Question 5

Brain cells that are neither neurons nor glia,but which are capable of dividing and then differentiating into neurons or glia,are called ____.​

Accepted Answer

A) parallel fibers 
B) ​intrinsic cells 
C) ​stem cells 
D) glomeruli

Question 6

A person with two recessive genes is considered to be ____ for that trait.​

Accepted Answer

A) homozygous 
B) ​heterozygous 
C) ​unitary 
D) marginal

Question 7

The field of epigenetics deals with how ____.​

Accepted Answer

A) reproductive fitness can be altered 
B) ​spontaneous mutations occur 
C) ​genes determine behavior 
D) experiences can turn genes on or off

Question 8

The mechanism of fetal alcohol syndrome probably relates to ____.​

Accepted Answer

A) overexcited neurons 
B) ​apoptosis 
C) ​decreases apoptosis 
D) necrosis

Question 9

At later stages of the neuron's development,neurotrophins ____.​

Accepted Answer

A) increase the branching of axons 
B) ​cause the neuron's death 
C) ​become converted into myelin 
D) connect the axon to axons of adjoining cells

Question 10

Evolution improves the fitness of the population,which is defined as ____.​

Accepted Answer

A) the number of copies of one's genes that endure in later generations 
B) ​survival of the individual 
C) ​ability to adapt to a variety of environments 
D) overall health and well-being

Question 11

A cortical cell originally responded to stimulation of the middle finger.After amputation of that finger,it begins responding to the second and fourth fingers.Which action most likely accounts for this?​

Accepted Answer

A) synaptic reorganization 
B) ​growth of completely new axons 
C) ​altered pattern of blood vessels in the brain 
D) a psychotic reaction

Question 12

Heightened sensitivity to a neurotransmitter after the destruction of an incoming axon is known as ____.​

Accepted Answer

A) axon supersensitivity 
B) ​disuse supersensitivity 
C) ​enervation supersensitivity 
D) denervation supersensitivity

Question 13

Kin selection as an explanation for altruistic behavior would argue that ____.​

Accepted Answer

A) individuals help others who help them 
B) ​individuals pick their mates based on how altruistic they are 
C) ​individuals spread their genes by helping their relatives 
D) society benefits as a whole when individuals help each other

Question 14

If some of the axons innervating a given cell are destroyed or if they become inactive,what compensatory process takes place in the remaining presynaptic cells?​

Accepted Answer

A) activation of previously silent synapses 
B) ​removal of toxins 
C) ​denervation supersensitivity 
D) collateral sprouting

Question 15

Humans may have been able to evolve such big brains without sacrificing other functions because of ____.​

Accepted Answer

A) exercise 
B) ​mutations 
C) ​deletions 
D) diet

Question 16

In development,neurotrophins ____.During adulthood,they ____.​

Accepted Answer

A) preserve neurons; produce apoptosis 
B) ​produce apoptosis; increase neuronal branching 
C) ​facilitate differentiation; facilitate migration 
D) preserve neurons; increase neuronal branching

Question 17

An example of a sex-linked trait is ____.​

Accepted Answer

A) eye color 
B) ​color vision deficiency 
C) ​temperament 
D) intelligence

Question 18

Describe how phantom limb sensations that seemingly come from a missing hand might occur when the face is touched.​

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe how phantom limb sensations that seemingly...

Question 19

After cells have differentiated as neurons or glia,they ____.​

Accepted Answer

A) differentiate 
B) ​proliferate 
C) ​myelinate 
D) migrate

Question 20

____ cells proliferate after a stroke.​

Accepted Answer

A) Penumbra 
B) ​Microglia 
C) ​Ischemia 
D) Cancer

Exam 4: Genetics, evolution, development, and Plasticity

How is brain development related to adolescent impulsivity?

The results of several studies of facial expressions in people who were born blind suggest ____.

One way to relieve the pain associated with a phantom limb is to ____.

Group selection as an explanation for altruistic behavior would argue that ____.

Brain cells that are neither neurons nor glia,but which are capable of dividing and then differentiating into neurons or glia,are called ____.

A person with two recessive genes is considered to be ____ for that trait.

The field of epigenetics deals with how ____.

The mechanism of fetal alcohol syndrome probably relates to ____.

At later stages of the neuron's development,neurotrophins ____.

Evolution improves the fitness of the population,which is defined as ____.

A cortical cell originally responded to stimulation of the middle finger.After amputation of that finger,it begins responding to the second and fourth fingers.Which action most likely accounts for this?

Heightened sensitivity to a neurotransmitter after the destruction of an incoming axon is known as ____.

Kin selection as an explanation for altruistic behavior would argue that ____.

If some of the axons innervating a given cell are destroyed or if they become inactive,what compensatory process takes place in the remaining presynaptic cells?

Humans may have been able to evolve such big brains without sacrificing other functions because of ____.

In development,neurotrophins .During adulthood,they .

An example of a sex-linked trait is ____.

Describe how phantom limb sensations that seemingly come from a missing hand might occur when the face is touched.

After cells have differentiated as neurons or glia,they ____.

____ cells proliferate after a stroke.