Question 1

Which traditional learning theorist believed that the use of hypothetical constructs does not contribute to our understanding of behavior?

Accepted Answer

A) hull 
B) skinner 
C) tolman 
D) rotter B

Question 2

Once exposed to an aversive situation, learning a response that removes the aversive situation involves

Accepted Answer

A) avoidance learning 
B) escape learning 
C) stimulus discrimination 
D) response generalization B

Question 3

Habit strength increases based on

Accepted Answer

A) incentive induction 
B) drive reduction 
C) inhibition induction 
D) behavioral induction B

Question 4

Whenever Kendra's dog whines at the door to go out she says "good dog" and pets the dog. The word "good" becomes a secondary reinforcer through the process of

Accepted Answer

A) classical conditioning 
B) operant conditioning 
C) instrumental conditioning 
D) vicarious conditioning

Question 5

To teach a complex behavior, one should use

Accepted Answer

A) shaping 
B) classical conditioning 
C) punishment 
D) contingency management

Question 6

Environmental stimuli can acquire the ability to produce an internal drive state. Hull called these

Accepted Answer

A) environmental drives 
B) acquired drives 
C) conditioned drives 
D) unconditioned drives

Question 7

According to Tolman, reward is not required for learning but is required for

Accepted Answer

A) extinction 
B) performance 
C) memory 
D) direction

Question 8

Guthrie believed that all learning is

Accepted Answer

A) s-r associations reinforced by drive reduction 
B) s-r associations based on contiguity 
C) s-s associations based on reinforcement 
D) s-s associations based on contiguity

Question 9

Instrumental aversive conditioning involves

Accepted Answer

A) escape training 
B) punishment training 
C) avoidance training 
D) all of the above

Question 10

In Mowrer's two-factor theory of avoidance learning, the two factors are

Accepted Answer

A) vicarious learning and classical conditioning 
B) instrumental conditioning and operant conditioning 
C) classical conditioning and pavlovian conditioning 
D) classical conditioning and instrumental (or operant) conditioning

Question 11

Skinner defines an operant behavior as that which is

Accepted Answer

A) elicited by environmental stimuli 
B) a result of s-r associations 
C) emitted by the organism 
D) unlearned

Question 12

According to Amsel, the extinction of an instrumental response is due to

Accepted Answer

A) anger 
B) frustration 
C) repression 
D) anxiety

Question 13

According to Skinner, a reinforcer is any event that

Accepted Answer

A) increases a behavior 
B) decreases a behavior 
C) makes a person happy 
D) is satisfying

Question 14

Crespi's findings regarding the effect of reward magnitude on running speed forced Hull to propose that

Accepted Answer

A) reward magnitude directly influences motivation 
B) reward magnitude has no effect on motivation 
C) shifts in reward result in forgetting 
D) learning is reduced with large reward

Question 15

When a response continues to fail to produce drive reduction, it is permanently suppressed via

Accepted Answer

A) reactive inhibition 
B) latent inhibition 
C) conditioned inhibition 
D) higher order inhibition

Question 16

Which traditional theorist believed that behavior involves purpose, goals, and expectations?

Accepted Answer

A) tolman 
B) hull 
C) thorndike 
D) skinner

Question 17

Kohler's research with Sultan supports which theoretical view of learning?

Accepted Answer

A) insight learning 
B) latent learning 
C) place learning 
D) modeling

Question 18

Guthrie rejected Thorndike's

Accepted Answer

A) law of exercise 
B) law of readiness 
C) law of equivalence 
D) law of effect

Question 19

Spence's anticipatory goal concept is comparable to Tolman's

Accepted Answer

A) cathexis 
B) cognitive map 
C) equivalence belief principle 
D) law of effect

Exam 4: Traditional Learning Theories and Concepts