Question 1

Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
-enzyme

Accepted Answer

A) amount of energy to start a reaction 
B) coenzyme that carries electrons 
C) attachment of a phosphate group by a high-energy bond 
D) an excess of end-product molecules alters the shape of the first enzyme in the pathway and shuts off that metabolic pathway 
E) part of an enzyme that binds to the substrate
F)by binding a regulatory molecule, it changes the activity of a metabolic pathway
G)affects rates of chemical reactions by reducing activation energy
H)important energy currency in metabolism
I)enzyme that participates in the neutralization of hydrogen peroxide
J)a measure of the degree of energy change after a concentrated form of energy has been dispersed

Question 2

Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
-phosphorylation​

Accepted Answer

A) amount of energy to start a reaction 
B) coenzyme that carries electrons 
C) attachment of a phosphate group by a high-energy bond 
D) an excess of end-product molecules alters the shape of the first enzyme in the pathway and shuts off that metabolic pathway 
E) part of an enzyme that binds to the substrate
F)by binding a regulatory molecule, it changes the activity of a metabolic pathway
G)affects rates of chemical reactions by reducing activation energy
H)important energy currency in metabolism
I)enzyme that participates in the neutralization of hydrogen peroxide
J)a measure of the degree of energy change after a concentrated form of energy has been dispersed

Question 3

A chemical interaction in which the products contain less free energy than the reactants is called a(n) ____________________ reaction.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A chemical interaction in which the products...

Question 4

In order to work best, enzymes ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  ​always need coenzymes 
B)  ​randomly grab surrounding molecules 
C)  ​need low pH 
D)  ​need high temperatures 
E)  need set environmental conditions​, specific for each enzyme

Question 5

A "high-energy bond" in ATP ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  ​absorbs a large amount of free energy when the phosphate group is attached during hydrolysis 
B)  ​is formed when ATP is hydrolyzed to ADP and one phosphate group 
C)  ​is similar to the bonds in glucose molecules 
D)  ​forms as part of an endergonic reaction 
E)  cannot be readily used in reactions​

Question 6

The terms below relate to the movement of materials and membranes. Answer the following question by selecting the correct term.
-fluid with a low solute concentration relative to another fluid

Accepted Answer

A) ​diffusion 
B) ​hypertonic 
C) ​hypotonic 
D) ​isotonic 
E) ​osmosis
F)​osmotic pressure
G)​turgor

Question 7

The activation energy of a reaction refers to the minimum amount of energy ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  ​released by the reaction 
B)  ​in the reactants 
C)  ​in the products 
D)  ​necessary to cause a reaction to proceed on its own 
E)  variation between the energy of the reactants and the energy of the products​

Question 8

What term best describes the role of certain metal ions and coenzymes in metabolic processes?​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​reactants 
B)  ​intermediates 
C)  ​cofactors 
D)  ​products 
E)  catalysts​

Question 9

The terms below relate to the movement of materials and membranes. Answer the following question by selecting the correct term.
-pressure that prevents the movement of water

Accepted Answer

A) ​diffusion 
B) ​hypertonic 
C) ​hypotonic 
D) ​isotonic 
E) ​osmosis
F)​osmotic pressure
G)​turgor

Question 10

The items below are processes that occur during different cellular reaction or metabolic pathways. Answer the following question by selecting the correct term
-This process involves a series of enzymes and requires membranes.

Accepted Answer

A) ​oxidation 
B) ​reduction 
C) ​phosphorylation 
D) ​electron transport chain

Question 11

The terms below relate to the movement of materials and membranes. Answer the following question by selecting the correct term.
-movement of water molecules across a membrane

Accepted Answer

A) ​diffusion 
B) ​hypertonic 
C) ​hypotonic 
D) ​isotonic 
E) ​osmosis
F)​osmotic pressure
G)​turgor

Question 12

An enzyme is thought to optimize the fit between substrates by restraining and stretching or squeezing them into certain shapes and moving them to the transition state, as described by the ____ model of enzyme activity.

Accepted Answer

A)  ​lock and key 
B)  ​induced-fit 
C)  ​template 
D)  ​activation 
E)  conformational​

Question 13

Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
-feedback inhibition​

Accepted Answer

A) amount of energy to start a reaction 
B) coenzyme that carries electrons 
C) attachment of a phosphate group by a high-energy bond 
D) an excess of end-product molecules alters the shape of the first enzyme in the pathway and shuts off that metabolic pathway 
E) part of an enzyme that binds to the substrate
F)by binding a regulatory molecule, it changes the activity of a metabolic pathway
G)affects rates of chemical reactions by reducing activation energy
H)important energy currency in metabolism
I)enzyme that participates in the neutralization of hydrogen peroxide
J)a measure of the degree of energy change after a concentrated form of energy has been dispersed

Question 14

What is a key characteristic of exergonic reactions?​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​They consume energy. 
B)  ​They require glucose fusion. 
C)  ​Their products have more energy than the reactants. 
D)  ​They convert some energy to less biologically useful forms. 
E)  They involve the formation of bonds.​

Question 15

What method of movement requires the expenditure of ATP molecules?​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​simple diffusion 
B)  ​facilitated diffusion 
C)  ​osmosis 
D)  ​active transport 
E)  bulk flow​

Question 16

The terms below relate to the movement of materials and membranes. Answer the following question by selecting the correct term.
-movement of molecules across a membrane would be equal

Accepted Answer

A) ​diffusion 
B) ​hypertonic 
C) ​hypotonic 
D) ​isotonic 
E) ​osmosis
F)​osmotic pressure
G)​turgor

Question 17

The second law of thermodynamics states that ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  ​energy can be transformed into matter, and because of this, something is obtained for nothing 
B)  energy can be destroyed during nuclear reactions such as those that occur inside the sun​ 
C)  ​if energy is gained by one region of the universe, another place in the universe also must gain energy in order to maintain the balance of nature 
D)  ​energy tends to flow from concentrated to less concentrated forms 
E)  energy tends to be stable over time​

Question 18

The loss of an electron by a molecule is called ____________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The loss of an electron by a...

Question 19

Allosteric inhibition generally results from ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  ​excess substrates 
B)  ​binding of regulatory molecules at sites other than the active sites 
C)  ​a change in the temperature of the system 
D)  ​a lack of coenzymes 
E)  changes in pH​

Question 20

Which statement below characterizes metabolic pathways?​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​They are a random sequences of reactions. 
B)  ​They are always biosynthetic. 
C)  ​They are always degradative. 
D)  ​They are enzyme-mediated sequences of reactions. 
E)  They are always linear reactions.​

Exam 5: Ground Rules of Metabolism

Choose the one most appropriate answer for each. -enzyme

Choose the one most appropriate answer for each. -phosphorylation​

A chemical interaction in which the products contain less free energy than the reactants is called a(n) ____________________ reaction.

In order to work best, enzymes ____.

A "high-energy bond" in ATP ____.

The terms below relate to the movement of materials and membranes. Answer the following question by selecting the correct term. -fluid with a low solute concentration relative to another fluid

The activation energy of a reaction refers to the minimum amount of energy ____.

What term best describes the role of certain metal ions and coenzymes in metabolic processes?​

The terms below relate to the movement of materials and membranes. Answer the following question by selecting the correct term. -pressure that prevents the movement of water

The items below are processes that occur during different cellular reaction or metabolic pathways. Answer the following question by selecting the correct term -This process involves a series of enzymes and requires membranes.

The terms below relate to the movement of materials and membranes. Answer the following question by selecting the correct term. -movement of water molecules across a membrane

An enzyme is thought to optimize the fit between substrates by restraining and stretching or squeezing them into certain shapes and moving them to the transition state, as described by the ____ model of enzyme activity.

Choose the one most appropriate answer for each. -feedback inhibition​

What is a key characteristic of exergonic reactions?​

What method of movement requires the expenditure of ATP molecules?​

The terms below relate to the movement of materials and membranes. Answer the following question by selecting the correct term. -movement of molecules across a membrane would be equal

The second law of thermodynamics states that ____.

The loss of an electron by a molecule is called ____________________.

Allosteric inhibition generally results from ____.

Which statement below characterizes metabolic pathways?​

Choose the one most appropriate answer for each. -phosphorylation

What term best describes the role of certain metal ions and coenzymes in metabolic processes?

Choose the one most appropriate answer for each. -feedback inhibition

What is a key characteristic of exergonic reactions?

What method of movement requires the expenditure of ATP molecules?

Which statement below characterizes metabolic pathways?