Question 1

According to Dunn's model of sensory processing, which pattern is characterized by low neurological thresholds coupled with active self-regulatory strategies such as withdrawing from situations perceived as threatening?

Accepted Answer

A)  Sensory avoiding
B)  Low registration
C)  Sensory sensitivity
D)  Sensory seeking C

Question 2

Which of the following sensory integration (SI) assessment tools was NOT designed for use with adults in mind?

Accepted Answer

A)  The Sensory Integration and Praxis Tests
B)  The Adult Sensory Questionnaire (ASQ) 
C)  The Adult Sensory Interview (ADULT-SI) 
D)  The Adult/Adolescent Sensory Profile A

Question 3

Which of the following is TRUE regarding children who have experienced disorders of trauma and attachment?

Accepted Answer

A)  They often present with the same kinds of sensory modulation problems as seen with children with other conditions such as autism spectrum disorder (AS
D)  , and therefore can be treated effectively with the same kinds of interventions.
B)  They benefit from a special kind of intervention termed trauma informed care, although techniques drawn from sensory integration (SI) theory are often helpful.
C)  They rarely show signs of sensory over-responsivity or under-responsivity.
D)  The most common type of SI problem with this population is dyspraxia. B

Question 4

Which of the following is FALSE regarding the application of sensory integration (SI) as a frame of reference with adults?

Accepted Answer

A)  Adults with sensory integration (SI) and processing issues are an underserved and underidentified group.
B)  It is rare for people to be identified with sensory processing and integration for the first time as adults, and to never have had a history of any such problems in childhood.
C)  Sensory processing problems can occur in the general adult population among adults with no known comorbid or co-occurring mental or physical health conditions.
D)  It is well known that most children with sensory processing and integration disorders continue to have the presence of the disorder in adulthood.

Question 5

One of the most reliable expressions of an infant's tolerance for a sensory experience is _______________________________.

Accepted Answer

A)  The infant's ability to transition from one state of arousal to another
B)  The infant's thermoregulation
C)  The amount of deep sleep the infant engages in
D)  The infant's cry and facial expression

Question 6

Dunn's model of sensory processing includes which four patterns of sensory processing that are characteristic of young children?

Accepted Answer

A)  Sensory registration, sensory under-reactivity, sensory sensitivity, sensory avoiding
B)  Sensory registration, sensory seeking, sensory sensitivity, sensory avoiding
C)  Sensory under-reactivity, sensory over-reactivity, sensory sensitivity, sensory seeking
D)  Sensory discrimination, sensory seeking, sensory sensitivity, sensory avoiding

Question 7

Which population has the most research and strongest evidence base related to the effectiveness of sensory integration (SI) and sensory-based treatment approaches?

Accepted Answer

A)  Adults and children with attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADH
D)  
B)  Children with autism spectrum disorder (AS
D)  
C)  Adults with mental illness
D)  Premature infants and infants experiencing stress

Question 8

Many young children with neurodevelopmental problems including those born prematurely benefit from early intervention services supported through Part C of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA). This program ________________________.

Accepted Answer

A)  Provides federal funding and mandates interdisciplinary, family-centered early supports and services for children under 3 years of age who qualify for services
B)  Provides federal funding and mandates interdisciplinary, family-centered early supports and services for children under 5 years of age who qualify for services, based on a developmental disability or risk for developmental problems
C)  Provides federal funding and mandates interdisciplinary, family-centered early supports and services for only those children under 3 years of age who qualify based on a known developmental disability; unfortunately, children only identified with sensory processing deficits are not covered
D)  Is administered and supported through state legislation and provides some funding for medically based, outpatient occupational therapy services using a sensory integration (SI) approach

Question 9

Which of the following is TRUE regarding sensory processing in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD)?

Accepted Answer

A)  Up to 90% of children with ASD have unusual responses to sensory stimuli.
B)  Sensory-based motor problems are rarely seen in children with ASD.
C)  In terms of types, subtypes, or patterns of sensory processing dysfunction, sensory discrimination such as visual perceptual concerns is the most commonly seen in children with ASD.
D)  Sensory processing problems are not included as potential signs considered in the diagnostic criteria for ASD in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) .

Question 10

When using or applying the Ayres Sensory Integration (ASE) intervention with children with attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), it is important to consider all of the following EXCEPT ______________________________.

Accepted Answer

A)  Sensory activities for regulating the child's level of arousal throughout the session
B)  Sensory-based play activities for addressing identified underlying sensory processing problems such as dyspraxia or visual motor integration deficits
C)  Being mindful of treatment spaces so that they are free from clutter, and include play opportunities that are of interest to the child
D)  Using sensory-based strategies such as listening programs and alternate seating in the classroom such as sitting on exercise balls

Question 11

Infants with a history of neglect or abuse who frequently engage in sensory seeking behavior such as extensive rocking, pulling at objects or body parts, or pounding on hard surfaces ______________________________.

Accepted Answer

A)  May be trying to use this behavior as a way to self-regulate and calm themselves
B)  Often engage in this behavior to help them complete desired or important activities more efficiently
C)  Would most likely have been born prematurely
D)  Are showing clear signs of a coexisting autism spectrum disorder

Question 12

The neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) environment ______________________.

Accepted Answer

A)  Is conducive to promoting behavioral state regulation in very preterm infants
B)  Often provides sensory stimuli in very similar ways as would be experienced in the natural, intrauterine environment
C)  Is typically able to provide the intensity, types, and duration of sensory inputs and exposure that match well the infants' level of maturation, sensory needs, or individual tolerances
D)  Often provides sensory inputs and experiences that are unlike what the infant would experience in the natural intrauterine environment and that have the potential to hinder neurodevelopment

Question 13

Which of the following programs has been used with children with attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) to address behavioral and emotional regulation? This program emphasizes techniques and education, including sensory strategies for improving problem-solving and understanding and self-control of emotions.

Accepted Answer

A)  The Alert Program (Williams & Shellenberger, 1996) 
B)  The Zones of Regulation (Kuyper, 2011) 
C)  The Interactive Metronome
D)  Use of weighted blankets and weighted vests

Question 14

Which of the following is a recommended intervention for children with a history of trauma and attachment disorders?

Accepted Answer

A)  Ayres Sensory Integration (ASI) but without family members being involved
B)  Combined intervention approaches such as sensory integration (SI) approaches with relationship-based approaches and caregiver education
C)  Sensory-based approaches that put little emphasis on the therapeutic relationship and therapist's therapeutic use of self
D)  Sensory-based approaches that frequently include triggers to bring up painful childhood memories and stress, to assist the child in working through such issues

Question 15

Research has shown that for adults with sensory processing disorders _____________________.

Accepted Answer

A)  Patterns of sensory sensitivity and sensory avoiding have been related to increased anxiety, depression, and decreased general health, vitality, and social functioning.
B)  High sensory seeking behavior in adults results in high quality of life indicators in vitality and general health.
C)  There are few indications that sensory modulation problems impact mental health or quality of life.
D)  Sensory-based intervention approaches implemented in controlled clinic environments rather than within their natural contexts (home, work, or community) are most effective and enjoyable.

Question 16

Children with attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) commonly present with sensory processing and integration deficits. What are the three hallmark diagnostic criteria for ADHD?

Accepted Answer

A)  Sensory modulation deficits, inattention, low concentration
B)  Dyspraxia, hyperactivity, inattention
C)  Inattention, impulsivity, hyperactivity
D)  Sensory seeking, hyperactivity, impulsivity

Question 17

An important consideration for occupational therapists working with adults with attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and sensory processing and integration problems is to ____________________.

Accepted Answer

A)  Provide 1:1 intense traditional clinic-based Ayres Sensory Integration (ASI) intervention to target change in the neural processes associated with underlying sensory processing and integration deficits
B)  Problem-solve ways to apply sensory-based strategies and sensory integration (SI) techniques to modify tasks and daily routines for enhancing performance of daily occupations
C)  Maintain the focus on play-based interventions and increase active leisure pursuits
D)  Avoid the use of a sensory diet and environmental modifications

Question 18

Occupational therapists working with a child with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and using the Ayres Sensory Integration (ASI) approach may be particularly challenged in the context of a treatment session by ________________________________________.

Accepted Answer

A)  Being child-directed and finding the optimal balance between structure and no structure
B)  Identifying the just right challenge for a particular child
C)  Identifying motivating, playful social opportunities for interaction during treatment
D)  Identifying how underlying sensory integration (SI) deficits are contributing to the child's ability to play

Question 19

Evidence-based research evaluating the efficacy of sensory integration (SI) treatment and sensory-based treatment in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) includes which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  Systematic reviews and meta-analyses that fully examine many published research studies using a variety of methodologies including randomized clinical trials
B)  Only 10 rigorous randomized clinical trials
C)  Primarily single-subject experimental designs and descriptive case study reviews
D)  Have only studied effects on cognitive skills and motor skills as outcome measures

Question 20

Which of the following is a common sensory problem among individuals who have experienced severe traumatic events?

Accepted Answer

A)  Under-responsiveness, and a lack of monitoring of the environment
B)  Being overly attentive to only important, salient features of the environment
C)  Hypervigilance or a continual monitoring of the environment, and especially being attuned to visual and auditory input
D)  Dyspraxia and postural-ocular disorders

Exam 19: Application of Sensory Integration With Specific Populations