Question 1

Which event (or events) occur in the prophase II phase of meiosis II?

Accepted Answer

A)   Condensing of the chromosomes and the nuclear envelope breaks down
B)   Sister chromatids align along the metaphase plate
C)   Sister chromatids are pulled apart to opposite poles
D)   Nuclear membrane begins to form, and a cleavage furrow begins to develop A

Question 2

The susceptibility for a certain disease may be determined with a genetic marker test. This technique looks for

Accepted Answer

A)   the location of the gene that contributes to the disease.
B)   the exact change in a nucleotide sequence.
C)   a different banding pattern of DNA that has been cut with restriction enzymes to observe changes.
D)   fluorescent DNA hybridization to an abnormal sequence. C

Question 3

Select all the characteristics that make sickle-cell disease a good candidate to study genetic diseases. (Check all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A)   It is easily identifiable by a physical characteristic.
B)   It results from a single change in a single gene.
C)   It can be influenced by the environment.
D)   The sickle-cell inheritance pattern is not influenced by other genes. A, B, D

Question 4

Which of the following statements best describes the structure of a hemoglobin molecule?

Accepted Answer

A)   Hemoglobin is composed of four globin molecules, each with their own heme group that binds to and carries oxygen.
B)   Hemoglobin is composed of two globin molecules, both with their own heme group that binds to and carries oxygen.
C)   Hemoglobin is composed of four globin molecules, each of which contains millions of heme groups.
D)   Hemoglobin is composed of three globin molecules and one heme group per hemoglobin molecule.

Question 5

Genes are always influenced by the environment. This influence determines the trait that is shown by the individual.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Which of the following traits are considered to be inheritable?

Accepted Answer

A)   The ability to speak Spanish
B)   Bleached hair
C)   Eye color
D)   Calluses on fingers

Question 7

From the list provided, select all that are needed in the process of genome editing. (Check all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A)   The target DNA sequence
B)   The ability to remove the mutated gene sequence
C)   The ability to replace the mutated gene sequence with the correct gene sequence
D)   The correctly folded protein encoded by the gene

Question 8

Mendel's experiments led him to the conclusion that individuals have two factors for each trait, which that separate during gamete formation, resulting in gametes with one factor for each trait. In addition, fertilization results in a new individual with two factors for each trait again. He referred to this as the __________.

Accepted Answer

A)   law of segregation
B)   law of independent assortment
C)   factorial law
D)   law of pedigrees

Question 9

______ are the basic unit of inheritance that can be passed on from one generation to the next.

Accepted Answer

A)   RNA
B)   Proteins
C)   DNA
D)   Genes

Question 10

Which event (or events) occur in the anaphase I phase of meiosis I?

Accepted Answer

A)   Condensing of the chromosomes, homologous chromosomes form tetrads, crossing over occurs
B)   Tetrads align along the metaphase plate
C)   Homologous chromosomes are pulled apart to opposite poles
D)   Nuclear membrane begins to form, and a cleavage furrow begins to develop

Question 11

What is the role of the enzyme ligase in DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

A)   It unzips the double-stranded DNA.
B)   It links the gaps between Okasaki fragments in the lagging strand.
C)   It breaks the hydrogen bonds that hold the two strands of the DNA together.
D)   It matches new bases to the old strand by complementary base-pairing.

Question 12

Linear DNA in the human genome is packaged at several levels. Which of the following represents the levels from least packaged to most packaged?

Accepted Answer

A)   DNA strand, nucleosomes, chromosomes
B)   Chromosomes, nucleosomes, DNA strand
C)   DNA strand, chromosomes, nucleosomes
D)   Nucleosomes, DNA strand, chromosomes

Question 13

Mutations can occur with a single nucleotide change. The misfolding of the hemoglobin protein results from

Accepted Answer

A)   the amino acid valine replacing the normal glutamic acid amino acid in the beta-globin gene.
B)   the amino acid valine replacing the normal glutamic acid amino acid in the alpha-globin gene.
C)   the amino acid glutamic acid replacing the normal valine amino acid in the beta-globin gene.
D)   the amino acid glutamic acid replacing the normal valine amino acid in the alpha-globin gene.

Question 14

The information contained in genes is expressed

Accepted Answer

A)   through transcribing the DNA segment into mRNA.
B)   by translating the mRNA into a polypeptide.
C)   by folding the polypeptide into a structural protein.
D)   All of these are required for gene expression to be complete.

Question 15

Which of the following statements differentiates spermatogenesis and oogenesis?

Accepted Answer

A)   Both processes of spermatogenesis and oogenesis occurs through meiosis. The outcome is the production of four sperm, in spermatogenesis, and four eggs in oogenesis.
B)   Spermatogenesis occurs through meiosis and oogenesis occurs through mitosis. The outcome is the production of four sperm, in spermatogenesis, and four eggs in oogenesis.
C)   Both processes of spermatogenesis and oogenesis occurs through meiosis. The outcome is the production of four sperm, in spermatogenesis, and one egg in oogenesis.
D)   Spermatogenesis occurs through meiosis and oogenesis occurs through mitosis. The outcome is the production of four sperm, in spermatogenesis, and one egg in oogenesis.

Question 16

The pedigree shown displays the inheritance of a recessive genetic disease. In the fourth generation, what is the likelihood that the next child of the two heterozygous parents will be impacted by the disease? 11ee40c6_182d_0566_b977_9d620852a3c9

Accepted Answer

A)   0%
B)   25%
C)   50%
D)   75%

Question 17

Griffith's experiment was one of the first that suggested there was a "factor" that was transferred between different bacteria. In the series of steps of his experiment, what was injected into the mouse in step "c" and what did this prove?

Accepted Answer

A)   Killed S strain bacteria were injected into the mouse and the mouse lived. This proved the "factor" could only work in live cells.
B)   Killed R strain bacteria were injected into the mouse and the mouse lived. This proved the "factor" could only work in live cells.
C)   Live S strain bacteria were injected into the mouse and the mouse lived. This proved the "factor" could only work in live cells.
D)   Live R strain bacteria were injected into the mouse and the mouse lived. This proved the "factor" could only work in live cells.

Question 18

From the list provided, select all techniques that are used to analyze DNA for mutations. (Check all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A)   PCR
B)   Gene cloning
C)   Karotypes
D)   CRISPR
E)   Microarray

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the characteristics of a genetic disease?

Accepted Answer

A)   It is always passed on from one generation to the next.
B)   It is caused by a change in the genetic information.
C)   It may be passed on from one generation to the next.
D)   It is a change in the genetic information that may be passed on from one generation to the next.

Question 20

Which of the following is an example of a human phenotype determined by epistatic interaction?

Accepted Answer

A)   Blood type
B)   Cystic fibrosis
C)   Eye color
D)   Sickle-cell

Exam 8: Characteristics, Functions, and Analysis of Genetic Diseases and DNA