Question 1

From the list provided, select all viruses that have DNA as the genetic material. (Check all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A)   Smallpox
B)   HIV
C)   Influenza
D)   Chickenpox
E)   Herpes A, D, E

Question 2

One method of constructing an influenza vaccine is to use an influenza strain that has been modified by removing proteins that contribute to its virulence. This process is called __________.

Accepted Answer

A)   attenuation
B)   inactivation
C)   deactivation
D)   sterilization A

Question 3

The following statements relate to either the innate or the adaptive system. Select those thatonly apply to the adaptive immune system. (Check all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A)   Antibody production
B)   Cell-mediated immunity
C)   Antibody-mediated immunity
D)   Inflammatory response
E)   Interferon activityF)  Natural killer cells A, B, C

Question 4

From the list provided, select all that are provided by studying transitional fossils. (Check all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A)   Transitional fossils provide evidence of how a species has changed over time.
B)   Transitional fossils provide an estimated timeline of changes.
C)   Transitional fossils help predict how a population will further evolve.
D)   Transitional fossils help calibrate the fossil record by comparing amounts of radioactive compounds.

Question 5

Which of the following events would result in the formation of an influenza virus that would threaten humans?

Accepted Answer

A)   Viral genetic material exchange within the same population
B)   Viral genetic material exchange between different populations
C)   Both are required for a viral strain to evolve and threaten humans.

Question 6

Which of the following best distinguishes viral genetic material from the genetic material of a living organism?

Accepted Answer

A)   Viral genetic material can be either DNA or RNA.
B)   The viral genome contains fewer genes, encoding for fewer proteins.
C)   The viral genome is less prone to mutations.
D)   The viral genome is either DNA or RNA and encodes for fewer proteins.

Question 7

The contents of genes in viruses are ______ that of living organisms.

Accepted Answer

A)   equal to
B)   less than
C)   greater than

Question 8

What is the first reaction of the body due to the influenza virus disrupting the normal function of the epithelial cells in the respiratory system?

Accepted Answer

A)   Fluid accumulation in the lungs
B)   Sneezing
C)   Fever
D)   Vomiting

Question 9

Explain the process of natural selection as a mechanism of evolutionary change.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Explain the process of natural selection as...

Question 10

From the list provided, select all characteristics of the influenza envelope. (Check all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A)   It contains parts of the host cell's plasma membrane.
B)   It contains RNA.
C)   It separates the genetic material and the capsid.
D)   It contains N and H spikes.

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the action of B cells?

Accepted Answer

A)   B cells develop and mature in the bone marrow.
B)   B cells carry receptor molecules on their cell surfaces.
C)   B cells change into plasma cells after encountering an antigen and then produce antibodies.
D)   All of the answer choices relate to the actions of B cells.

Question 12

Which of the following types of cells would a flu virus most likely target as the means of entry into the body?

Accepted Answer

A)   Epithelial cells lining the respiratory system
B)   Epithelial cells on the skin's surface
C)   Osteoclasts within bone cells
D)   Red blood cells that are exposed through breaks in the skin

Question 13

New influenza vaccines are being developed that may lessen the effect of the rapid evolution of the viral strains. One way is to develop a universal influenza vaccine that uses ______ as an antigen.

Accepted Answer

A)   a protein in the viral capsid
B)   the N spikes
C)   the RNA molecule
D)   envelope lipids

Question 14

Trials of the universal influenza vaccine, H1ssF_3928, began in

Accepted Answer

A)   2018.
B)   2019.
C)   2015.
D)   2010.

Question 15

When two different forms of a virus infect the same cell, the host cell may manufacture viral particles from both viruses to reassemble them into a new form of virus. This process is called __________.

Accepted Answer

A)   antigenic drift
B)   antigenic shift
C)   the founder effect
D)   artificial selection

Question 16

The ______ glycoproteins are presented by all nucleated cells and an identification tag. The ______ glycoproteins are only presented by cells to provide the link between nonspecific immune responses.

Accepted Answer

A)   MHC-I; MHC-II
B)   MHC-II; MHC-I
C)   MHC-I; MHC-III
D)   MHC-III; MHC-II

Question 17

The process of ______ helps biologists relate the natural world and how organisms have changed over time in response to the natural world.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The process of ______ helps biologists relate...

Question 18

From the list provided, select the two circumstances necessary for evolution to occur.

Accepted Answer

A)   There must be a variation for a trait within a population.
B)   An advantageous trait must be passed on to the next generation.
C)   The environment should remain constant.
D)   All traits in a population should be the same.

Question 19

The ______ process to make influenza vaccines, only uses a small portion of the H spike protein that helps the immune system identify the actual virus.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The ______ process to make influenza vaccines,...

Question 20

The closer two organisms are related, the more time there has been for mutations to occur in the genetic information.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 7: Understanding Natural Selection, Vaccines, and Viral Reproduction