Question 1

Matching: Match the following list of problems with expert testimony with the most appropriate examples.
-A politician writes a book on healthy diets that prevent disease.

Accepted Answer

A)  Use of experts in the wrong field of expertise. 
B)  Use of experts who are not recognized as experts. 
C)  Use of experts who are paid for their testimony. 
D)  Use of experts who are clearly biased. 
E)  Experts who do not realistically limit their own expertise.
F) Expert testimony contradicted by equally expert testimony.

Question 2

Upon what is the strength of an inductive conclusion based?

Accepted Answer

A)  The amount of evidence used to support the conclusion. 
B)  The balance of deductive and inductive reasoning. 
C)  The number of analogies utilized to support the conclusion. 
D)  The quality of evidence used to support the conclusion. 
E)  All of the above.

Question 3

Matching
-Subjects who receive a placebo or no treatment.

Accepted Answer

A)  Question 
B)  Hypothesis 
C)  Control Group 
D)  Experimental Group 
E)  Data
F) Placebo

Question 4

How is someone distinguished as a genuine expert in a given field?

Accepted Answer

The answer of How is someone distinguished as a genuine...

Question 5

Double-blind studies are considered more accurate in design than blind studies.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

What is the criteria for an effective analogy?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the criteria for an effective...

Question 7

How are blind and double-blind studies used to guard against bias?

Accepted Answer

The answer of How are blind and double-blind studies used...

Question 8

Discuss two or more ways that reasoning by analogy is useful.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Discuss two or more ways that reasoning...

Question 9

Can celebrity endorsements ever be legitimate? Explain your answer.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Can celebrity endorsements ever be legitimate? Explain...

Question 10

Which is NOT a distinguishing factor of a genuine expert given in the text?

Accepted Answer

A)  An expert has a following of students who are studying to become experts. 
B)  An expert has significant experience in a given field. 
C)  An expert has significant education in a given field. 
D)  An expert is recognized by others in the field as possessing expertise.

Question 11

How does a control group help us to evaluate the significance of the data gathered from a study? Be specific.

Accepted Answer

The answer of How does a control group help us...

Question 12

Matching: Match the following list of problems with expert testimony with the most appropriate examples.
-A televised cable interview features a representative of a particular candidate discussing why this candidate has the best policies.

Accepted Answer

A)  Use of experts in the wrong field of expertise. 
B)  Use of experts who are not recognized as experts. 
C)  Use of experts who are paid for their testimony. 
D)  Use of experts who are clearly biased. 
E)  Experts who do not realistically limit their own expertise.
F) Expert testimony contradicted by equally expert testimony.

Question 13

Which was not listed in the checklist on criteria for evaluating research studies?

Accepted Answer

A)  Have all of the important factors of the data been considered? 
B)  Have the conclusions been listed systematically at the beginning of the study? 
C)  Have other researchers been able to duplicate the results? 
D)  Are the results statistically significant? 
E)  Does the researcher claim that the study proves more than it was designed to prove?

Question 14

Control groups allow researchers to gauge the significance of a study by being a point of comparison with the experimental group.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Matching
-Subjects exposed to a special treatment.

Accepted Answer

A)  Question 
B)  Hypothesis 
C)  Control Group 
D)  Experimental Group 
E)  Data
F) Placebo

Question 16

What is a placebo? Give an example.

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is a placebo? Give an example....

Question 17

Control and experimental groups do not have to be representative of targeted populations in order to provide sufficient research for statistical generalizations.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

When a finding is labeled statistically significant, it is probable that the reported effect will occur again in similar circumstances.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Control groups allow a researcher to gauge the significance of a study by being a point of comparison with the experimental group.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Reasoning by analogy is used to

Accepted Answer

A)  compare one policy to another. 
B)  compare one condition to another to justify changes in the condition. 
C)  compare a social system in one place to a system in another. 
D)  suggest that a specific law that works in one place will work in another. 
E)  All of the above.

Exam 5: Inductive Generalizations

Matching: Match the following list of problems with expert testimony with the most appropriate examples. -A politician writes a book on healthy diets that prevent disease.

Upon what is the strength of an inductive conclusion based?

Matching -Subjects who receive a placebo or no treatment.

How is someone distinguished as a genuine expert in a given field?

Double-blind studies are considered more accurate in design than blind studies.

What is the criteria for an effective analogy?

How are blind and double-blind studies used to guard against bias?

Discuss two or more ways that reasoning by analogy is useful.

Can celebrity endorsements ever be legitimate? Explain your answer.

Which is NOT a distinguishing factor of a genuine expert given in the text?

How does a control group help us to evaluate the significance of the data gathered from a study? Be specific.

Matching: Match the following list of problems with expert testimony with the most appropriate examples. -A televised cable interview features a representative of a particular candidate discussing why this candidate has the best policies.

Which was not listed in the checklist on criteria for evaluating research studies?

Control groups allow researchers to gauge the significance of a study by being a point of comparison with the experimental group.

Matching -Subjects exposed to a special treatment.

What is a placebo? Give an example.

Control and experimental groups do not have to be representative of targeted populations in order to provide sufficient research for statistical generalizations.

When a finding is labeled statistically significant, it is probable that the reported effect will occur again in similar circumstances.

Control groups allow a researcher to gauge the significance of a study by being a point of comparison with the experimental group.

Reasoning by analogy is used to