Question 1

A person believes that people who are right-handed are more intelligent. Based on your understanding of confirmation bias, which type of information would this person favor?

Accepted Answer

A)  a scientific study comparing intelligence of people who are right- and left-handed 
B)  a single person who is right-handed and also very intelligent 
C)  a single person who is left-handed and also very intelligent 
D)  All of these are correct.

Question 2

Social norms can vary in different parts of the world. Giving a thumbs up or an OK sign in some other countries is considered offensive. Why are social norms so different around the world?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Social norms can vary in different parts...

Question 3

A hotel chain is trying to encourage its customers to reduce their water usage during their stays. Which of the following would be the most effective feedback to reduce water usage?

Accepted Answer

A)  a sign at the registration desk reminding people to use less water 
B)  a gauge that measures the amount of water people use in comparison with other guests 
C)  a sign on the bathroom mirror reminding people to use less water 
D)  a reminder played on the television set to use less water

Question 4

Many coffee shops will offer a 10-cent discount on coffee purchases if you bring in a reusable cup. This shows an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  a prompt. 
B)  social norms. 
C)  status quo. 
D)  an incentive.

Question 5

Many products are sold with the promise, "Try it for 30 days and if you do not like it send it back." Despite this, many people do not send products back, even those with which they are not happy. Which statement best explains this?

Accepted Answer

A)  status quo 
B)  loss aversion 
C)  automatic thinking 
D)  social norms

Question 6

In order for a prompt to be successful it must be

Accepted Answer

A)  easy to understand. 
B)  noticeable. 
C)  placed where the change in behavior is needed. 
D)  All of these are correct.

Question 7

You walk by someone on the street and the person smiles at you. Which of the following statements demonstrates automatic thinking?

Accepted Answer

A)  I should stop them and ask them what they are smiling about. 
B)  They must find me attractive. 
C)  I would like to learn more about their thoughts and attitude. 
D)  All of these are correct.

Question 8

What is one prompt that could be used at your school to reduce food waste in the cafeteria?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is one prompt that could be...

Question 9

You are studying environmental science in your bedroom when you receive a notification on your phone. It informs you that someone has stolen your identity, and it requires immediate attention. If you respond to this information with the emotional defense mechanism of emotional distancing, what might you do?

Accepted Answer

A)  immediately respond to try to correct the situation 
B)  delete the notification and go back to studying 
C)  read the notification while reminding yourself not to be upset 
D)  read the notification, reminding yourself there is nothing you can do about it

Question 10

People are confused and upset if someone they are calling on the telephone answers "good-bye" and finishes the conversation with "hello." This is an example of NOT following

Accepted Answer

A)  social norms. 
B)  feedback. 
C)  the hierarchy of needs. 
D)  commitments.

Question 11

A hotel chain is trying to encourage its customers to reduce their water usage during their stays. Which of the following would be the most effective prompt to reduce water usage?

Accepted Answer

A)  a sign at the registration desk reminding people to use less water 
B)  a gauge that measures the amount of water people use in comparison with other guests 
C)  a sign on the bathroom mirror reminding people to use less water 
D)  a reminder played on the television set to use less water

Question 12

Which of the following is a recycling incentive discussed in chapter 18?

Accepted Answer

A)  charging a small deposit for each bottle that is refunded when recycled 
B)  adding large signs near recycling containers 
C)  increasing fees for recycling compared to waste disposal 
D)  encouraging the combined disposal of recyclable and waste materials

Question 13

A hotel chain is trying to encourage its customers to reduce their water usage during their stays. How could the chain use a commitment to reduce water usage?

Accepted Answer

A)  have all guests sign a form at check-in pledging to reduce water usage 
B)  install sinks that stop running after one minute of use 
C)  post signs in the room reminding people to use less water 
D)  install a gauge measuring water usage

Question 14

A display on the dashboard of a vehicle providing instant fuel economy is one type of

Accepted Answer

A)  prompt. 
B)  feedback. 
C)  commitment. 
D)  prompt and feedback.

Question 15

In the hierarchy of needs, which of these is considered LEAST important?

Accepted Answer

A)  the need for shelter 
B)  the need for friendship 
C)  the need for creativity 
D)  the need for sleep

Question 16

Which of the following is an example of bias discussed in this chapter?

Accepted Answer

A)  cognitive dissonance 
B)  automatic thinking 
C)  loss aversion 
D)  All of these are correct.

Question 17

Based on Maslow's hierarchy of needs, which of the following correctly orders these three human needs from highest need to lowest need?
-Companionship
-Safety
-Water

Accepted Answer

A)  safety, companionship, water 
B)  companionship, water, safety 
C)  water, safety, companionship 
D)  safety, water, companionship

Question 18

The idea that people are resistant to change is based on what type of bias?

Accepted Answer

A)  loss aversion 
B)  motivation 
C)  confirmation 
D)  status quo

Question 19

What is the purpose of emotional defense mechanisms?

Accepted Answer

A)  to relieve us of bad feelings associated with a difficult situation 
B)  to allow us to blame someone else for bad feelings we have 
C)  to isolate us from others who may be associated with bad feelings 
D)  None of these are correct.

Question 20

One of the ways that feedback can be most effective is to be timely and specific. Which of the following would be the best way to provide feedback on household water usage?

Accepted Answer

A)  a monthly summary of water usage mailed to your home 
B)  a weekly summary of water usage emailed to you 
C)  a notification on your phone every time the water is on for more than 10 minutes 
D)  a published daily statement of water usage for your city or town

Exam 18: Decision Making: Why Do Our Choices Matter