Question 1

Which province had the highest incarceration rate at 213 per 100,000 adults?

Accepted Answer

A)   Ontario
B)   British Columbia
C)   Québec
D)   Manitoba D

Question 2

What failure of provincial and territorial governments has led to the increase in the numbers of incarcerated offenders who have mental health issues?

Accepted Answer

A)   the failure to provide alternative facilities, programs, and services
B)   the failure to correctly interpret the Immigration and Refugee Protection Act
C)   the federal government failure to address mental health in the medical community
D)   the failure to properly address the Mental Health Act and its impact on patients A

Question 3

What percentage of the $4 billion that is spent annually on correctional systems is spent on community corrections?

Accepted Answer

A)   approximately 6 percent
B)   approximately 8 percent
C)   approximately 10 percent
D)   approximately 12 percent C

Question 4

Which agency has a role in providing oversight into the activities of the Correctional Service of Canada, although its recommendations are NOT binding?

Accepted Answer

A)   The Supreme Court of Canada
B)   The Office of the Correctional Investigator
C)   The Citizens Advisory Committee of Canada
D)   The Organization of Provincial Ombudspersons

Question 5

What challenge to developing evidence-based practices is illustrated when recently hired probation officers are willing to use a new form of probation supervision, but experienced officers continue to rely on the old methods?

Accepted Answer

A)   fear of the unknown
B)   complacency among line staff
C)   policy makers resistant to new strategies
D)   lack of awareness of evidence-based practices

Question 6

Which challenge is unique to provincial/territorial systems of corrections?

Accepted Answer

A)   addressing the needs of women offenders
B)   the very short periods of time offenders spend in custody
C)   managing the high-risk needs of offenders for lengthy periods of time
D)   managing large numbers of gang and organized crime-affiliated inmates

Question 7

Which term is defined as, "the search for the 'magic bullet' that will reduce recidivism, lower costs, and deter offenders from future criminal behaviour"?

Accepted Answer

A)   quick fix
B)   populism
C)   panaceas
D)   punitive penology

Question 8

Which term refers to the notion that a correctional service is constantly seeking improvement, working with successes, and gaining insights from initiatives that did NOT achieve their intended goals?

Accepted Answer

A)   a learning organization
B)   disseminating policy/procedures
C)   aggressive reinvention of the system
D)   making things better through adjustment

Question 9

Which correctional system initiative holds considerable promise but requires additional evaluation to confirm its effectiveness?

Accepted Answer

A)   problem-solving courts
B)   the STICS model of probation practice
C)   circles of support and accountability
D)   correctional interventions designed according to the principles of RNR

Question 10

Which challenge in reforming correctional institutions is best exemplified when an evaluation of treatment program reforms finds that the programs are NO longer delivered as originally designed because there are too few treatment facilitators?

Accepted Answer

A)   financial resource constraints
B)   political resistance to correctional change
C)   a lack of "buy-in" among corrections staff and management
D)   public opposition to prison reform that provides treatment and rehabilitation for offenders

Question 11

Outline and describe some of the interferences that are standing in the way of substantive correctional reform.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Outline and describe some of the interferences...

Question 12

Which province experimented with prison privatization in 2001?

Accepted Answer

A)   Alberta
B)   Québec
C)   Ontario
D)   British Columbia

Question 13

What term refers to the Alberta government's actions in the 1990s to reduce expenditures, eliminate the budget deficit, and restore public confidence, which resulted in a 32 percent decrease in institutional populations?

Accepted Answer

A)   rehabilitation
B)   decarceration
C)   reintegration
D)   recidivism

Question 14

What practice is exemplified when an offender must wear an electronic monitoring device as a condition of release?

Accepted Answer

A)   static security
B)   dynamic security
C)   techno-corrections
D)   techno-surveillance

Question 15

The Correctional Service of Canada uses the positive findings of a pilot project to foster organizational support for a new evidence-based treatment program. What challenge to developing evidence-based practices does this strategy overcome?

Accepted Answer

A)   defining success
B)   fear of the unknown
C)   cooperating with researchers
D)   policy makers' resistant to new strategies

Question 16

Canadian prisons continue to be beset by violence, and many incarcerated people are afflicted by mental illness, addiction, homelessness, and poverty. Which of the following represents the best hope for improvement in the overall system?

Accepted Answer

A)   let the system run itself
B)   forward thinking or vision to the future
C)   encourage government intervention to harden the system
D)   encourage non-governmental agencies to get involved in corrections

Question 17

Which term describes the process "whereby politicians point to public pressure as their justification for enacting tougher laws and correctional policies"?

Accepted Answer

A)   penal populism
B)   positivist penality
C)   electoral negativism
D)   philosophical penology

Question 18

What type of breach is revealed when an investigation finds that a provincial correctional system has subjected inmates to inhumane and unsafe confinement, and has violated national and international standards for systems of correction?

Accepted Answer

A)   a breach of rule of law
B)   a breach of the right to equality
C)   a breach of onus of impartiality
D)   a breach of the duty to act fairly

Question 19

B.C. Corrections uses an educational campaign based on evidence-based practices to explain the "pains" that offenders will experience under a new form of community supervision. What challenge to developing evidence-based practices does this educational campaign strategy overcome?

Accepted Answer

A)   defining success
B)   concerns about costs
C)   the public desire for retribution
D)   lack of awareness about evidence-based practices

Question 20

How many psychiatrists are available for the total population of the Northwest Territories?

Accepted Answer

A)   1
B)   10
C)   20
D)   30

Exam 15: Creating Effective Systems of Corrections