Question 1

Organisms that are able to survive within white blood cells do so by all of the following means except

Accepted Answer

A)   production of opsonins
B)   inhibition of WBC granule fusion
C)   inactivation of oxidants
D)   ability to escape from the phagosome A

Question 2

Prior to invasion of epithelial cells, organisms must be able to

Accepted Answer

A)   achieve an infective dose.
B)   adhere to the cells.
C)   avoid phagocytosis.
D)   produce toxins. B

Question 3

Clostridium spp. cause significant harm to their host due to their ability to

Accepted Answer

A)   build a biofilm.
B)   create spores.
C)   possess fimbriae and pili.
D)   produce exotoxin. D

Question 4

The lymphocyte that transforms to produce antibody is called a _____ cell.

Accepted Answer

A)   T
B)   B
C)   NK
D)   NKT

Question 5

The complement system plays a role in all of the following except

Accepted Answer

A)   inflammation.
B)   opsonization.
C)   quorum sensing.
D)   membrane attack complexes.

Question 6

The active movement of white blood cells toward an infectious microbe is due to

Accepted Answer

A)   by-products produced by the organism.
B)   substances released by mast cells.
C)   the presence of cytokines.
D)   all of the above.
E)   Both b and c.

Question 7

Which of the following can act as an opsonin for white blood cells?

Accepted Answer

A)   Capsule
B)   Antibodies
C)   Pili
D)   All of the above
E)   a and c

Question 8

The movement of white blood cells from the circulatory system to the tissue is known as

Accepted Answer

A)   opsonization.
B)   diapedesis.
C)   zipper phagocytosis.
D)   membrane ruffling.

Question 9

The presence of the structure on this rod-shaped organism, as noted in the image provided, allows it to do all of the following except
 Source: CDC and Larry Stauffer, Oregon State Public Health Laboratory

Accepted Answer

A)   demonstrate purposeful movement.
B)   avoid phagocytes.
C)   deter antibodies and complement.
D)   enhance its virulence.

Question 10

The similarity between flagella and fimbriae is that they both

Accepted Answer

A)   exist on both gram-positive and gram-negative organisms.
B)   allow the organism to adhere.
C)   are hair-like.
D)   enhance invasiveness.

Question 11

Which of the following cells are considered the primary phagocytes?

Accepted Answer

A)   Neutrophils
B)   Macrophages
C)   Lymphocytes
D)   a and b
E)   all of the above

Question 12

The immunoglobulin that has the capacity to bind the most available antigen is

Accepted Answer

A)   IgA
B)   IgD
C)   IgG
D)   IgM

Question 13

Which of the following body systems is rarely infected via the bloodstream?

Accepted Answer

A)   Central nervous
B)   Genital
C)   Skeletal
D)   Urinary

Question 14

The ability of an organism to produce a capsule affects its
1) pathogenicity.
2) gene transfer.
3) evasiveness.

Accepted Answer

A)   1 and 2
B)   1 and 3
C)   2 and 3
D)   1, 2, and 3

Question 15

Antigen-presenting cells include
1) dendritic cells.
2) macrophages.
3) T lymphocytes

Accepted Answer

A)   1 and 2
B)   1 and 3
C)   2 and 3
D)   1, 2, and 3

Question 16

You are a bacterium that has been deposited in the environment (e.g., soil). Your best chance of survival would be to

Accepted Answer

A)   build a biofilm.
B)   form a spore.
C)   produce a slime layer.
D)   activate your pathogenicity island.

Question 17

Place the steps of the adaptive immune response in order.
1) Antibodies are produced.
2) Macrophages present the MCH I molecule and foreign antigen.
3) T lymphocytes are stimulated.
4) B lymphocytes are stimulated.

Accepted Answer

A)   2,4,3,1
B)   2,3,4,1
C)   2,1,3,4
D)   3,4,2,1

Question 18

Antibodies produced due to infection are considered part of ____________ immunity.

Accepted Answer

A)   adaptive
B)   innate
C)   nonspecific
D)   natural

Question 19

During the inflammatory response, swelling is due to

Accepted Answer

A)   the accumulation of white blood cells.
B)   the accumulation of red blood cells.
C)   release of plasma from the vessels.
D)   biochemical activity of microorganisms.

Question 20

Antibodies function by

Accepted Answer

A)   marking organisms for destruction.
B)   causing apoptosis.
C)   stimulating B lymphocyte production.
D)   releasing cytokines.

Exam 4: The Hosts Encounter With Microbes