Question 1

Gossip between workers in different firms represents which form of interdependency?

Accepted Answer

A)   Counterintuitive
B)   Deferential
C)   Untraded
D)   All of the above
E)   None of the above C

Question 2

These refer to dense agglomerations of small and medium-sized firms specializing in the high-quality production of a particular good or service. They are characterized by a highly disintegrated production system in which individual firms perform specialized and narrowly defined roles.

Accepted Answer

A)   Production satellite clusters
B)   High-technology innovative clusters
C)   Flexible production hub-and-spoke clusters
D)   Design-intensive craft production clusters
E)   Labor-intensive craft production clusters D

Question 3

This is an example of an important regional institution that contributes to institutional thickness at the regional scale:

Accepted Answer

A)   Universities
B)   Chambers of commerce
C)   Technology-promotion agencies
D)   All of the above
E)   None of the above D

Question 4

Clusters essentially act as centers of __________________ transfer and control within wider global networks.

Accepted Answer

A)   Commodity
B)   Tacit knowledge
C)   Codified knowledge
D)   All of the above
E)   None of the above

Question 5

In these clusters, a single large firm, or small group of large firms, buys components from an extensive range of local suppliers to make products for markets external to the cluster. These clusters represent the spatial logic of just-in-time production systems.

Accepted Answer

A)   Production satellite clusters
B)   High-technology innovative clusters
C)   Flexible production hub-and-spoke clusters
D)   Design-intensive craft production clusters
E)   Labor-intensive craft production clusters

Question 6

This type of nearness is derived from a shared cultural heritage and linguistic background (e.g., the Irish, Jewish, or Chinese diasporas).

Accepted Answer

A)   Institutional proximity
B)   Cultural proximity
C)   Elastic proximity
D)   Organizational proximity
E)   Relational proximity

Question 7

Vertical disintegration creates more _______________ transactional relationships within a particular sector.

Accepted Answer

A)   Intra-firm
B)   Inter-firm
C)   Contra-firm
D)   All of the above
E)   None of the above

Question 8

The _____________ model of industrial location explains why dominant industries locate close to energy and raw material sources and to transportation networks.

Accepted Answer

A)   Least cost
B)   Expenditure cost
C)   Sunk cost
D)   Fixed cost
E)   Dominant cost

Question 9

Alfred Weber developed a general theory of location that could explain the spatial distribution of:

Accepted Answer

A)   Consumption activities
B)   Marketing activities
C)   Production activities
D)   All of the above
E)   None of the above

Question 10

Industrial location theory posits that when the optimum location is drawn toward the raw materials sources, the manufacturing process is:

Accepted Answer

A)   Weight-gaining
B)   Weight-losing
C)   Labor-gaining
D)   Labor-neutral
E)   None of the above

Question 11

When discussing institutional thickness at the regional scale, the term "institution" is used to refer to a wide variety of ___________ organizations that are an integral part of regional economies.

Accepted Answer

A)   Inter-firm
B)   Intra-firm
C)   Non-firm
D)   All of the above
E)   None of the above

Question 12

Provide three concrete examples for how institutional thickness may foster untraded interdependencies between Hollywood firms in a film industry cluster.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Provide three concrete examples for how institutional...

Question 13

This describes closeness derived from informal interpersonal relations (e.g., -standing friends in distant places).

Accepted Answer

A)   Institutional proximity
B)   Cultural proximity
C)   Elastic proximity
D)   Organizational proximity
E)   Relational proximity

Question 14

Localized interpersonal interaction is thought to be particularly important for the transfer of what is known as _____________ knowledge.

Accepted Answer

A)   Opaque
B)   Transparent
C)   Direct
D)   Codified
E)   Tacit

Question 15

Geographical dispersion creates different challenges of _________________ for firms.

Accepted Answer

A)   Integration
B)   Coordination
C)   Management
D)   All of the above
E)   None of the above

Question 16

These types of clusters provide business service activities such as financial services, advertising, law, accountancy, and so on, and are often concentrated in the central districts of leading or "global" cities.

Accepted Answer

A)   Business service clusters
B)   State-anchored clusters
C)   Consumption clusters
D)   All of the above
E)   None of the above

Question 17

Industrial location theory posits that when the optimum location is drawn toward the market site, the manufacturing process is:

Accepted Answer

A)   Weight-gaining
B)   Weight-losing
C)   Labor-gaining
D)   Labor-neutral
E)   None of the above

Question 18

This is a type of nearness engendered through both written rules and codes, and unwritten ways of doing things within a particular firm or institution (e.g., the corporate culture of a large transnational firm).

Accepted Answer

A)   Institutional proximity
B)   Cultural proximity
C)   Elastic proximity
D)   Organizational proximity
E)   Relational proximity

Question 19

These clusters represent congregations of externally owned production facilities. These range from relatively low-tech assembly activity, through to more advanced plants with research capacity, but all are relatively stand-alone.

Accepted Answer

A)   Production satellite clusters
B)   High-technology innovative clusters
C)   Flexible production hub-and-spoke clusters
D)   Design-intensive craft production clusters
E)   Labor-intensive craft production clusters

Question 20

These are processes whereby firms shed many activities and purchase them instead from their suppliers in order to focus on core competencies.

Accepted Answer

A)   Vertical integration
B)   Vertical reintegration
C)   Vertical disintegration
D)   All of the above
E)   None of the above

Exam 12: Clusterswhy Do Proximity and Place Matter

Gossip between workers in different firms represents which form of interdependency?

These refer to dense agglomerations of small and medium-sized firms specializing in the high-quality production of a particular good or service. They are characterized by a highly disintegrated production system in which individual firms perform specialized and narrowly defined roles.

This is an example of an important regional institution that contributes to institutional thickness at the regional scale:

Clusters essentially act as centers of __________________ transfer and control within wider global networks.

In these clusters, a single large firm, or small group of large firms, buys components from an extensive range of local suppliers to make products for markets external to the cluster. These clusters represent the spatial logic of just-in-time production systems.

This type of nearness is derived from a shared cultural heritage and linguistic background (e.g., the Irish, Jewish, or Chinese diasporas) .

Vertical disintegration creates more _______________ transactional relationships within a particular sector.

The _____________ model of industrial location explains why dominant industries locate close to energy and raw material sources and to transportation networks.

Alfred Weber developed a general theory of location that could explain the spatial distribution of:

Industrial location theory posits that when the optimum location is drawn toward the raw materials sources, the manufacturing process is:

When discussing institutional thickness at the regional scale, the term "institution" is used to refer to a wide variety of ___________ organizations that are an integral part of regional economies.

Provide three concrete examples for how institutional thickness may foster untraded interdependencies between Hollywood firms in a film industry cluster.

This describes closeness derived from informal interpersonal relations (e.g., -standing friends in distant places) .

Localized interpersonal interaction is thought to be particularly important for the transfer of what is known as _____________ knowledge.

Geographical dispersion creates different challenges of _________________ for firms.

These types of clusters provide business service activities such as financial services, advertising, law, accountancy, and so on, and are often concentrated in the central districts of leading or "global" cities.

Industrial location theory posits that when the optimum location is drawn toward the market site, the manufacturing process is:

This is a type of nearness engendered through both written rules and codes, and unwritten ways of doing things within a particular firm or institution (e.g., the corporate culture of a large transnational firm) .

These clusters represent congregations of externally owned production facilities. These range from relatively low-tech assembly activity, through to more advanced plants with research capacity, but all are relatively stand-alone.

These are processes whereby firms shed many activities and purchase them instead from their suppliers in order to focus on core competencies.