Knowing the High Incidence and Prevalence of Heart Failure Among

Multiple Choice

Knowing the high incidence and prevalence of heart failure among the elderly, the manager of a long-term care home has organized a workshop on the identification of early signs and symptoms of heart failure. Which of the following teaching points is most accurate?

A) "Displays of aggression, confusion, and restlessness when the resident has no history of such behavior can be a sign of heart failure."
B) "Heart failure will often first show up with persistent coughing and lung crackles."
C) "Residents in early heart failure will often be flushed and have warm skin and a fever."
D) "Complaints of chest pain are actually more often related to heart failure than to myocardial infarction."