Question 1

Match the perspectives to its description
-Determinism

Accepted Answer

A)   Emphasized human behavior is caused by factors specific to the individual
B)   Emphasized application of scientific method by stressing the identification of patterns and consistencies in observable facts
C)   Emphasized relationships between criminal behavior and punishment
D)   Demonstrated crime is product of social ecology A

Question 2

Match the word to its description
-Criminality

Accepted Answer

A)   Focused on the process of making and breaking laws
B)   Seek to understand how the creation of criminal law defines misbehavior and concerned with various causes of crime
C)   Denotes the extent and frequency of offending by a societal group, such as the young, minorities, non-citizens, etc.
D)   Concerned with the actual practices of law enforcement, legal process , and corrections C

Question 3

Which of the following is an example of a research question that primarily addresses the dependent variable of criminality, not locale?

Accepted Answer

A)   Why are rates of gun ownership and crime more correlated in Southern states?
B)   Why is there more homicide in Memphis than in Phoenix?
C)   Why are males more criminal than females?
D)   Why does crime itself exist? C

Question 4

Describe how classical and positive schools of criminology perspectives differ from one another.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe how classical and positive schools of...

Question 5

Which of the following statements would represent an example of where a positive correlation would most typically be found?

Accepted Answer

A)   A social group's level of drug use and level of involvement in crime
B)   A social group's level of educational attainment and level of involvement in crime
C)   The minimal impact of a gang awareness program in preventing gang membership
D)   The change in crime rates due to changes in locale

Question 6

Much criminological theorizing generates what kind of research?

Accepted Answer

A)   Basic
B)   Pure
C)   Advanced
D)   Applied

Question 7

Of the following, which is most likely to make a theory scientific?

Accepted Answer

A)   Well-conceptualized variables
B)   Explainable opinions
C)   Falsifiable statements
D)   Consistent premises

Question 8

Micro-level is to macro-level as:

Accepted Answer

A)   culture is to structure.
B)   culture is to subculture.
C)   individual is to society.
D)   positive is to negative.

Question 9

Contemporary criminology began during what time period?

Accepted Answer

A)   The time of ancient Babylonia
B)   The Code of Hammurabi time period
C)   The late 18th century age of Enlightenment
D)   The late 20th century

Question 10

The _______________ era focused on free will versus demonic possession when discussing the reasons for crime.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The _______________ era focused on free will...

Question 11

Describe the four main components necessary to demonstrate causality?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe the four main components necessary to...

Question 12

Determinism assumes that the causes of behavior can be identified and that they can enable predictions about behavioral outcomes that will be likely to occur given certain conditions.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

As defined by Cressey (1978) criminology is focused on the processes of making and breaking laws.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Match the word to its description
-Criminologists

Accepted Answer

A)   Focused on the process of making and breaking laws
B)   Seek to understand how the creation of criminal law defines misbehavior and concerned with various causes of crime
C)   Denotes the extent and frequency of offending by a societal group, such as the young, minorities, non-citizens, etc.
D)   Concerned with the actual practices of law enforcement, legal process , and corrections

Question 15

Criminology is focused on:

Accepted Answer

A)   the actual practices of law enforcement, legal processes, and corrections.
B)   extensive forensic lab testing to understand criminals and crime.
C)   overseeing the operations and organization of the criminal justice system.
D)   understanding the various causes of crimes.

Question 16

Criminality refers to the ____________________ of offending among and between social groups.

Accepted Answer

A)   extent and frequency
B)   individual differences
C)   constant patterns
D)   definitions

Question 17

Which group believed that isolation, labor, and Bible reading would result in repentance, or rehabilitation?

Accepted Answer

A)   The ancient Babylonians
B)   Philosophers such as Voltaire, Rousseau, and Locke
C)   Those early Americans who held the Salem Witch Trials
D)   Philadelphia Quakers

Question 18

Match the perspectives to its description
-Positivism

Accepted Answer

A)   Emphasized human behavior is caused by factors specific to the individual
B)   Emphasized application of scientific method by stressing the identification of patterns and consistencies in observable facts
C)   Emphasized relationships between criminal behavior and punishment
D)   Demonstrated crime is product of social ecology

Question 19

The notions of the classical school were later revised by legal reformers and this came to be known as ____________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The notions of the classical school were...

Question 20

Which historical legacy of the Classical School continues to push for the achievement of deterrence as an objective of the criminal justice system?

Accepted Answer

A)   Neoclassicism
B)   The Enlightenment
C)   Positivism
D)   Determinism

Exam 1: Theoretical Criminology: An Introductory Overview

Match the perspectives to its description -Determinism

Match the word to its description -Criminality