Question 1

Develop an essay which critically examines present differences in "aging" across the gender line, drawing upon current research in Canada. Consider what broad social changes would need to take place to alter how we collectively think about, and orient to, older women vs. older men.

Accepted Answer

In Canada, as in many other countries, there are significant differences in the experience of aging across the gender line. Current research in Canada has highlighted several key areas where these differences are evident, including health outcomes, economic security, and social perceptions of aging.

One of the most striking differences in aging across the gender line is in health outcomes. Research has consistently shown that older women in Canada experience higher rates of chronic illness and disability compared to older men. This is often attributed to a combination of biological factors, such as longer life expectancy and hormonal changes, as well as social factors, such as lower access to healthcare and higher rates of poverty among older women. Addressing these disparities in health outcomes will require targeted interventions to improve access to healthcare and economic security for older women.

Economic security is another area where gender differences in aging are pronounced. Research has shown that older women in Canada are more likely to live in poverty compared to older men, due in part to factors such as the gender pay gap, time taken out of the workforce for caregiving responsibilities, and lower rates of pension and retirement savings. Addressing these disparities will require policy changes to ensure equal pay for equal work, as well as measures to support caregivers and improve retirement savings options for women.

Social perceptions of aging also differ across the gender line, with older women often facing more negative stereotypes and discrimination compared to older men. Research has shown that older women are more likely to be marginalized and overlooked in society, leading to social isolation and decreased quality of life. Changing these perceptions will require broad social changes, including challenging ageist attitudes and promoting positive representations of older women in media and popular culture.

In order to alter how we collectively think about and orient to older women vs. older men, broad social changes will be necessary. This will require a multi-faceted approach that addresses the intersecting factors of gender, age, and social inequality. Policy changes, such as improving access to healthcare and economic security for older women, will be essential, as will efforts to challenge ageist attitudes and promote positive representations of older women in society.

Overall, addressing the present differences in aging across the gender line in Canada will require a concerted effort to address the intersecting factors of gender, age, and social inequality. By implementing targeted interventions and challenging ageist attitudes, we can work towards a more equitable and inclusive approach to aging that recognizes and values the experiences of older women.

Question 2

In Canada today, women typically outlive men by approximately ___ years.

Accepted Answer

A)   1
B)   5
C)   10
D)   12 B

Question 3

The term that Bernard et al. (1995) use in reference to the age after which women -in particular-are less likely to be hired or promoted is:

Accepted Answer

A)   double jeopardy
B)   revolving door
C)   glass ceiling of age
D)   fading window of opportunity C

Question 4

How do Gillespie's research findings on women who remain childfree by choice challenge the "ideology of motherhood"?

Accepted Answer

The answer of How do Gillespie's research findings on women...

Question 5

In their research on the construction of "erectile dysfunction", Marshall and Katz argue that the visible indication of "interior character and successful living" in the adult male is generally the ___________________.

Accepted Answer

A)   muscular upper body
B)   functional penis
C)   ability to shed tears
D)   stiff upper lip

Question 6

What kind of role did gender play what it came to cases involving the refusal of blood transfusions by Jehovah's Witness youth, according to Lori Beaman's (2000) research on religious freedom and "age of consent"?

Accepted Answer

A)   imperceptible
B)   insignificant
C)   noticeable but not significant
D)   very significant

Question 7

Research suggests that inequities that women experience throughout their life typically _____________ with age.

Accepted Answer

A)   worsen
B)   lessen
C)   remain constant
D)   compared with men, lessen slightly

Question 8

What is the term for age based on physical changes?

Accepted Answer

A)   chronological age
B)   social age
C)   physiological age
D)   lived age

Question 9

As theorized by Rebecca Johnson (2000), actions that resist or otherwise go against the status quo are called _________________.

Accepted Answer

A)   subversive acts
B)   counter-hegemonic acts
C)   counter-intuitive acts
D)   radical acts

Question 10

Many contemporary researchers use this term in reference to the strong practical and social networks within which many widowed women now participate.

Accepted Answer

A)   society of women
B)   society of widows
C)   widow network society
D)   the 'new' bachelorettes

Question 11

What is the difference between social age and chronological age? How do your own social and chronological ages differ?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the difference between social age...

Question 12

Conduct a content analysis of 5 prime-time television shows, attending to the relationship between gender, appearance, social power, and age/aging.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Conduct a content analysis of 5 prime-time...

Question 13

It is suggested in the text that to be engaged in a continuous effort to look young is to risk waging a war against __________________.

Accepted Answer

A)   One's self
B)   One's gender
C)   The beauty industry
D)   One's parents

Question 14

The term which refers to the imbalance of old women vs. old men is the gender based_________ differential.

Accepted Answer

A)   chronology
B)   physiology
C)   mortality
D)   morality

Question 15

Gary Kinsman argues that in mainstream society, masculinity is generally associated with _______________.

Accepted Answer

A)   Heterosexuality
B)   Dominance
C)   Muscularity
D)   Normalcy

Question 16

Write a research essay that explains the basis for the mortality differential between women and men, focusing upon contemporary Canadian society. Based on this, what do you predict for the future?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Write a research essay that explains the...

Question 17

Wachholz explores the core assumption that motherhood is a natural, desired and ultimate goal for most women. This assumption is referred to as the _____________ of motherhood.

Accepted Answer

A)   hegemony
B)   ideology
C)   tragedy
D)   inevitability

Question 18

A definitive departure from the paid workplace is known as a_____________.

Accepted Answer

A)   blurred exit
B)   crisp exit
C)   role exit
D)   sudden exit

Question 19

What is the basis for the association of such rites of passage as high school completion, finding full-time employment, getting married, and having children with the stage of life known as "adulthood"?

Accepted Answer

A)   biology
B)   the social-cultural world
C)   individually based
D)   gender based

Question 20

What can we learn about widowers' experience from van den Hoonaard's guest essay? .

Accepted Answer

The answer of What can we learn about widowers' experience...

Exam 6: Gender in Adulthood and Late Life