Question 1

Gerean is participating in Dr. Murphy's volunteer project for general psychology. If she is like the majority of students in the research study mentioned in your textbook,

Accepted Answer

A)   Gerean's grades should improve.
B)   Gerean's self-esteem should improve.
C)   Gerean will reflect more on society's political and moral order.
D)   Gerean will do all of the above. D

Question 2

Although he had earlier embraced the dominant society, Frederico has now completely rejected this group and feels guilty for "selling out" to this dominant culture when his own culture has everything he believes he will ever need. Helms would say that Frederico is in which stage of ethnic identity development?

Accepted Answer

A)   internalization portion of stage 4
B)   pre-encounter stage
C)   encounter stage
D)   immersion portion of stage 3 D

Question 3

Marian has low self-esteem. According to your textbook, which of the following strategies could increase her self-esteem?

Accepted Answer

A)   Seek emotional support.
B)   Look for opportunities to achieve.
C)   Take responsibility for your self-esteem.
D)   All of the above strategies could increase her self-esteem. D

Question 4

Erikson believed that during youth, ______ roles become central to identity development, especially in societies like the United States.

Accepted Answer

A)   vocational
B)   sexual
C)   ideological
D)   ethnic

Question 5

Baumeister suggested that Americans have become so overly concerned with ______________ that they have resorted to escape activities to avoid these pressures.

Accepted Answer

A)   developing a positive self-image
B)   acquiring wealth and power
C)   fulfilling their love and belonging needs
D)   partisan politics and understanding social issues

Question 6

When a person has gone through a crisis and made a commitment, Marcia would characterize the person as:

Accepted Answer

A)   identity achieved.
B)   identity moratorium.
C)   identity foreclosure.
D)   identity diffusion.

Question 7

Which of the following developed a lifespan theory of stages in which the fifth stage of the eight stages is directly related to the formation of identity?

Accepted Answer

A)   Higgins
B)   Freud
C)   Erikson
D)   Gilligan

Question 8

Concerning the McArthur Study on the scope of religion in people's lives, which of the following statements is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)   Males show a stronger interest in religion than females.
B)   About three-fourths of U.S. adults said that they pray.
C)   A significant increase in spirituality occurs between middle and late
D)   adulthood.
E)   Half of the U.S. adults that identified themselves as religious attended F. religious services less than one time a month.

Question 9

One's identity status is determined by the existence or extent of one's:

Accepted Answer

A)   psychosocial moratorium.
B)   crisis and commitment.
C)   physical and socioemotional development.
D)   cognitive determination.

Question 10

A person who has not experienced a crisis nor made any commitments and who shows little interest in such matters would be in which identity status?

Accepted Answer

A)   identity moratorium
B)   identity achieved
C)   identity foreclosure
D)   identity diffusion

Question 11

Even though her husband forgave her for her affair with a co-worker, Mary is still experiencing guilt and anxiety for betraying her husband's trust. According to Higgins, Mary is experiencing these agitated emotions because of a discrepancy between her:

Accepted Answer

A)   actual and ideal selves.
B)   ideal and ought selves.
C)   actual and ought selves.
D)   ideal and possible selves.

Question 12

According to Stephen Covey, there are four basic areas of self-fulfillment. Which of the following is NOT one of the basic areas he listed?

Accepted Answer

A)   spiritual needs
B)   esteem needs
C)   mental needs
D)   physical needs

Question 13

Victor Frankl believed that:

Accepted Answer

A)   examining the finiteness of one's existence adds meaning to one's life.
B)   one's identity develops through four identity statuses.
C)   one experiences eight psychosocial crises during his/her lifespan.
D)   only through service to others can one reach true self-actualization.

Question 14

The link between self-esteem and happiness is stronger in:

Accepted Answer

A)   middle-aged adults than young adults.
B)   individualist counties than collectivist countries.
C)   collectivist countries than individualist countries.
D)   individuals with anorexia nervosa than those individuals who are overweight.

Question 15

Narcissistic individuals tend to be unaware of their _______ and how others perceive them.

Accepted Answer

A)   actual selves
B)   ideal selves
C)   ought selves
D)   possible selves

Question 16

According to Stephen Covey, a good exercise for clarifying one's values is to imagine that you:

Accepted Answer

A)   are writing your autobiography.
B)   are running for President of the United States and your life is being investigated.
C)   are attending your own funeral and listening to your eulogies.
D)   have just survived a terrible car crash and have a second chance at life.

Question 17

Fionela is a member of a minority group, but all of her role models are from the mainstream culture. Fionela has also lied to her classmates about what her parents do for a living. Recently, she asked her mother about dyeing her hair and getting contact lenses to change her eye color. According to Helms, Fionela is most likely in which stage of ethnic identity development?

Accepted Answer

A)   encounter
B)   immersion
C)   internalization
D)   pre-encounter

Question 18

Research has found which of the following statements to be TRUE regarding self-esteem?

Accepted Answer

A)   Self-esteem tends to remain stable for at least a month.
B)   Self-esteem tends to be low in childhood and higher during adolescence.
C)   The self-esteem of females tends to be higher than males through most of the life span.
D)   None of the above is a true statement regarding self-esteem.

Question 19

Minnie is a 57-year-old female. If she is typical of females in the U.S., we can expect her spirituality to

Accepted Answer

A)   significantly decrease.
B)   significantly increase.
C)   to be at the same level as it was in her 30s.
D)   to decrease in her 60s, then increase in her late 70s.

Question 20

During which stage of ethnic identity development do minority individuals begin to break through the denial of their ethnicity, usually after a personal "identity-shattering" event?

Accepted Answer

A)   immersion
B)   emersion
C)   internalization
D)   encounter

Exam 3: The Self, Identity, and Values