Question 1

The Transtheoretical Model (TTM) includes six stages of change. A person who does not regularly exercise makes a plan to exercise in the upcoming month. He schedules an appointment to speak with his healthcare provider and joins a fitness center. Which stage of the TTM does this best describe?

Accepted Answer

A)   Contemplation
B)   Preparation
C)   Action
D)   Maintenance
E)   Termination B

Question 2

One benefit of the Transtheoretical Model is that effective intervention strategies are the same for individuals at different stages of the model.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 3

An individual who smoked for twenty years completed a smoking cessation program and reports not smoking for twelve months. She is in the maintenance stage.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 4

According to the Transtheoretical Model, temptation represents the converse of self-efficacy.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

The Precaution Adoption Process Model (PAPM) was originally developed to explain the process by which people adopted precautions to detect radon in their homes.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

In studies on smoking and weight control, participants in the preparation and action stages were more likely to drop out of the intervention prematurely when compared to participants in precontemplation and contemplation stages.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Reliance on commitments, conditioning, environmental controls, and support is most likely to happen among people in which stages of the TTM?

Accepted Answer

A)   Precontemplation and contemplation
B)   Action and maintenance
C)   Consciousness raising and self-reevaluation
D)   Decisional balance and self-efficacy
E)   Temptation and termination

Question 8

The progress of participants in Transtheoretical Model-based health promotion programs is associated with their stage at baseline.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

One challenge to using the TTM for intervention is:

Accepted Answer

A)   It is only effective for drug and alcohol cessation and physical activity interventions
B)   There are no applied studies, only theoretical studies, demonstrating effectiveness
C)   It may be difficult to recruit individuals who are in the precontemplation stage
D)   It is inappropriate with low-literacy populations
E)   It requires that people in different stages of change receive the same intervention, which may be inappropriate for participants

Question 10

The Transtheoretical Model would be difficult to operationalize with some health behaviors or populations. Provide and describe a behavior or population in which this is true. Explain why. Please be specific.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The Transtheoretical Model would be difficult to...

Question 11

Describe the six stages of the Transtheoretical Model. Illustrate your knowledge of the stages by providing specific examples of the thoughts and behaviors of a person in each stage using a health behavior/condition of your choice (with the exception of smoking cessation/smoking).

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe the six stages of the Transtheoretical...

Question 12

Retention is notoriously difficult in behavior change programs. Which strategy helps increase retention?

Accepted Answer

A)   Incentives to join the program
B)   Carefully match tailored intervention to stage of change
C)   Only enroll participants in the action stage
D)   Require participants sign a contract to complete the entire program as part of their informed consent
E)   Integrate additional Stages of Change models such as the Precaution Adoption Process Model

Question 13

Which of the following is TRUE about the historical development of the Transtheoretical Model?

Accepted Answer

A)   It is based on a revised Precaution Adoption Process Model
B)   It was based on a comparative analysis of over twenty theories of psychotherapy
C)   It was developed to answer the question of why people change at a time when most theories focused on how people change behavior
D)   Skinner's Stimulus-Response studies were the foundation of the six stages of change
E)   It was modeled on the Health Action Process Approach

Question 14

Further testing of the Transtheoretical Model with diverse populations is needed.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

All of the following are characteristics to consider when evaluating tailored interventions EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)   Cost-effectiveness
B)   Frequency of behavior change
C)   Cost of the intervention
D)   Impact of different technologies
E)   Acquisition versus extinction behaviors

Question 16

The number of individuals in the termination stage is a proxy measure for program success.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

As people progress from precontemplation to contemplation and action, which of the following is true:

Accepted Answer

A)   It is unlikely that an individual who reaches contemplation will return to precontemplation in the future
B)   The pros associated with taking action increase
C)   The cons associated with taking action increase
D)   The pros associated with taking action decrease
E)   Once action has been maintained for 6 months, the individual moves to the termination stage

Question 18

The Transtheoretical Model was originally developed to better understand why childhood immunization rates have dropped in the United States.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

The following are all assumptions of the Transtheoretical Model EXCEPT?

Accepted Answer

A)   Specific processes of change should be emphasized at specific stages
B)   Intentions always lead to behavior change
C)   Behavior change is a process that unfolds over time
D)   Many people are not ready for interventions that are action-oriented
E)   Once people make a behavior change they are considered in action stage

Question 20

Self-efficacy refers to:

Accepted Answer

A)   The weighing of pros and cons of a behavior
B)   The intensity of urges to engage in a behavior during stressful situations
C)   Belief that the help of others is not necessary to achieve behavior change
D)   Confidence about coping with difficult situations without relapse
E)   Specific overt modifications in lifestyle and resistance of temptation

Exam 6: The Transtheoretical Model Ttm and Stages of Change

The Transtheoretical Model (TTM) includes six stages of change. A person who does not regularly exercise makes a plan to exercise in the upcoming month. He schedules an appointment to speak with his healthcare provider and joins a fitness center. Which stage of the TTM does this best describe?

One benefit of the Transtheoretical Model is that effective intervention strategies are the same for individuals at different stages of the model.

An individual who smoked for twenty years completed a smoking cessation program and reports not smoking for twelve months. She is in the maintenance stage.

According to the Transtheoretical Model, temptation represents the converse of self-efficacy.

The Precaution Adoption Process Model (PAPM) was originally developed to explain the process by which people adopted precautions to detect radon in their homes.

In studies on smoking and weight control, participants in the preparation and action stages were more likely to drop out of the intervention prematurely when compared to participants in precontemplation and contemplation stages.

Reliance on commitments, conditioning, environmental controls, and support is most likely to happen among people in which stages of the TTM?

The progress of participants in Transtheoretical Model-based health promotion programs is associated with their stage at baseline.

One challenge to using the TTM for intervention is:

The Transtheoretical Model would be difficult to operationalize with some health behaviors or populations. Provide and describe a behavior or population in which this is true. Explain why. Please be specific.

Describe the six stages of the Transtheoretical Model. Illustrate your knowledge of the stages by providing specific examples of the thoughts and behaviors of a person in each stage using a health behavior/condition of your choice (with the exception of smoking cessation/smoking).

Retention is notoriously difficult in behavior change programs. Which strategy helps increase retention?

Which of the following is TRUE about the historical development of the Transtheoretical Model?

Further testing of the Transtheoretical Model with diverse populations is needed.

All of the following are characteristics to consider when evaluating tailored interventions EXCEPT:

The number of individuals in the termination stage is a proxy measure for program success.

As people progress from precontemplation to contemplation and action, which of the following is true:

The Transtheoretical Model was originally developed to better understand why childhood immunization rates have dropped in the United States.

The following are all assumptions of the Transtheoretical Model EXCEPT?

Self-efficacy refers to: